Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are described for the detection of poultry and pork in cooked and canned muat foods. These assays are based on species-specific, polyclonal antibodies raised against heat-resistant antigens. The heat-resistant antigens were isolated from raw skeletal muscle tissue of pork and chicken and were found to be immunoreactive even after heating to 120°C for 15 min. The poultry ELISA could detect chicken or turkey at the 126 ppm level, and the pork ELISA could detect pork at the 250 ppm level. Samples of frankfurters, bolognas, pressed meats, canned baby foods, and canned spreads were prepared by simple aqueous extractions
A simplified procedure is described for screening meat and poultry tissues for the presence of antibiotic residues. The method involved inserting a cotton swab directly into meat or poultry tissues, allowing it to absorb tissue fluids. The swab is then removed and placed on a test plate using Antibiotic Medium No.5 (BBL) and a seed layer of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 spores. The plate is incubated overnight at 29 C, then observed for evidence of inhibition around the swab. The method was compared with the conventional bioassay procedures using routing meat and poultry tissues submitted for analysis. Of a total 1,780 tissues tested, the screening procedure was either in agreement with or detected inhibition was not found by the conventional procedures in 99.4% of the samples. The test was shown to have equal sensitivity to conventional procedures for detection of chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, neomycin, penicillin, streptomycin and tylosin.
An Overnight Rapid Bovine Identification Test (ORBIT) has been developed as a serological screen test for species verification of raw, whole tissue, bovine meat products. The test, an agar-gel immunodiffusion technique, uses stabilized reagent paper discs and prepared agar plates that have a printed template for correct placement of test components. This test is reliable, practical, economical, and easily performed in the field, such as at a meat import inspection station. The only nonbovine species found to react in the test are the bovine-related species of American bison (buffalo) and water buffalo (from Australia); however, these rare-occurring species do not present a problem for the intended application of the test. Stability of all test components, when stored in a refrigerator, is excellent for at least 1 year. The nature and stability of the test make it suitable for commercial development into test kits which should be highly practical and economical for wide availability and application of this procedure to meat inspection programs concerned with species verification.
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are described for the detection of mutton, beef, horse meat, and venison In cooked meat products. They represent an expansion of the species detection capabilities of previously described ELISAs for the detection of pork and poultry In cooked foods. These double antibody sandwich ELISAs recognize heat-resistant antigens in simple aqueous extracts of cooked meat products. Tests on laboratory-prepared and commercially cooked meat products accurately differentiated all tested meat components. However, some canned baby food meats and one canned meat product did not react in any of these ELISAs. Sensitivity of the assays was 0.13% or greater in tests of diluted cooked extract mixtures. No product Ingredients were found that interfered with test performance.
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