2-Isopropenyl-2-oxazoline (iPOx) was polymerized for the first time via a controlled radical polymerization technique. Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization utilizing a dithiobenzoate-based chain transfer agent was employed to form a backbone that is highly reactive toward thiols and acids. Moreover, the statistical copolymerization of iPOx with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and N-iso-propylacrylamide (NiPAm) was investigated resulting in two copolymer series with iPOx content varying from 100% to 13% (PDI = 1.37 to 1.21). The P(iPOx-stat-NiPAm) copolymers displayed thermoresponsive behavior in water as well as phosphate buffered saline at higher temperatures in comparison to homopolymers of NiPAm due to the hydrophilicity of the introduced iPOx moieties (T cp = 25 to 75 °C). Futhermore, iPOx-based (co)polymers were functionalized by polymer analogous addition reactions with thiophenol, benzoic acid and 4-azidobenzoic acid in high conversions (74–100%). The latter adduct represented a suitable building block for the synthesis of a graft copolymer consisting of a PMMA backbone and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) side chains via copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of PEtOx with alkyne terminus.

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In this study, graft copolymerization of itaconic acid (IA) and crotonic acid (CA) onto the crosslinked chitosan beads were carried out using ammonium persulfate as initiator. Grafted chitosan beads were characterized by FT-IR analysis and grafting percentage determination. Grafting efficiency and add-on percentages values of grafted chitosan beads were determined as 23-29 and 32-47%, respectively. Then, equilibrium isotherms and kinetics of brilliant green adsorption onto grafted chitosan beads were investigated. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted better than the data obtained from pseudo-first-order model for the adsorption of brilliant green onto grafted chitosan beads. The fit of data for brilliant green (BG) adsorption onto grafted chitosan beads suggested that the Langmuir model gave closer fittings than the Freundlich model.

Wound repair is a complex process that has not been entirely understood. It can conclude in several irregularities. Hence, designing an appropriate wound dressing that can accelerate the healing period is critical. Infections, a major obstacle to wound repair, cause an elevated inflammatory responses and result in ultimate outcome of incomplete and prolonged wound repair. To overcome these shortcomings, there is a growing requirement for antibacterial wound dressings. Dressings with antibacterial activities and multifunctional behaviors are highly anticipated to avoid the wound infection for successful healing. The aim of this review is not only to concentrate on the importance of antibacterial dressings for wound healing applications but also to discuss recent studies and some future perspectives about antibacterial wound dressings.

In this study, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) based thermoresponsive nanocomposite hydrogel was synthesized for the removal of Cu 2þ and Pb 2þ ions from aqueous solutions. To prepare nanocomposite hydrogel, graft copolymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm) and acrylic acid (AA) onto CMC was carried out in Na-montmorillonite (MMT)/water suspension media and ammonium persulfate (APS) used as initiator. The chemical structures of hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Lower critical solution temperature (LCST), pH responsivity, swelling, and deswelling properties of the hydrogels were also examined. In addition competitive and non-competitive removal of Cu 2þand Pb 2þ studies were carried out. According to heavy metal sorption studies results, removal capacities of nanocomposite hydrogel for both metal ions were found to be higher than those of pure hydrogel. The analyzed adsorption data showed that the adsorption process of Cu 2þ and Pb 2þ could be explained by pseudo-second order kinetic model. Moreover, according to competitive sorption studies, it is found to be that both hydrogels are more selective to Cu 2þ ion rather than Pb 2þ .

In this study, modified kappa-carrageenan/pectin hydrogel patches were fabricated for treatment of buccal fungal infections. For this purpose, kappa-carrageenan-gacrylic acid was modified with different thiolated agents (L-cysteine and 3-mercaptopropionic acid), and the thiol content of the resulting modified kappacarrageenan was confirmed by elemental analyzer. Then, the hydrogel patches were fabricated, and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, ex vivo mucoadhesion test, and swelling behavior.Triamcinolone acetonide was added either directly or by encapsulating within the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. The release amount of the drug from the directly loaded patch was 7.81 mg/g polymer, while it was 3.28 mg/g polymer for the encapsulated patch with the same content at 7 hr. The hydrogel patches had no cytotoxicity by cell culture studies. Finally, the drug loaded hydrogel patches were demonstrated antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus.These results provide that the novel modified kappa-carrageenan and pectin based buccal delivery system has promising antifungal property, and could have advantages compared to conventional buccal delivery systems.antifungal activity, buccal drug delivery, thiolated kappa-carrageenan, triamcinolone acetonide | INTRODUCTIONUlcerative diseases in the mucous membrane of the buccal cavity are observed as a result of a wide etiological reasons such like infections, traumas, immunological disorders, or side effects of some drugs. 1,2 Amongst these, mucocutaneous diseases are observed frequently such as lichen planus, 3 aphthous stomatitis, 4 erythema multiforme, and Behçet's disease. 5 Conventional drug applied to the oral mucosa are generally in the form of in situ gels, 6 pastes, 7 or mouthwashes. 8 These forms have some drawbacks due to causing high-level drug concentration and in the oral cavity for a short period of time. 9 Therefore, the desired therapeutic drug concentration for mucosal and transmucosal absorption could not be adequately provided for healing. To overcome the limitations of the conventional delivery systems, use of oral mucoadhesive systems in the topical treatment of oral ulcerative diseases is a more rational approach. The oral mucoadhesive systems could be prepared in various forms such as buccal adhesive patches, films, and tablets. 10,11