Wound repair is a complex process that has not been entirely understood. It can conclude in several irregularities. Hence, designing an appropriate wound dressing that can accelerate the healing period is critical. Infections, a major obstacle to wound repair, cause an elevated inflammatory responses and result in ultimate outcome of incomplete and prolonged wound repair. To overcome these shortcomings, there is a growing requirement for antibacterial wound dressings. Dressings with antibacterial activities and multifunctional behaviors are highly anticipated to avoid the wound infection for successful healing. The aim of this review is not only to concentrate on the importance of antibacterial dressings for wound healing applications but also to discuss recent studies and some future perspectives about antibacterial wound dressings.

In this study, modified kappa-carrageenan/pectin hydrogel patches were fabricated for treatment of buccal fungal infections. For this purpose, kappa-carrageenan-gacrylic acid was modified with different thiolated agents (L-cysteine and 3-mercaptopropionic acid), and the thiol content of the resulting modified kappacarrageenan was confirmed by elemental analyzer. Then, the hydrogel patches were fabricated, and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, ex vivo mucoadhesion test, and swelling behavior.Triamcinolone acetonide was added either directly or by encapsulating within the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. The release amount of the drug from the directly loaded patch was 7.81 mg/g polymer, while it was 3.28 mg/g polymer for the encapsulated patch with the same content at 7 hr. The hydrogel patches had no cytotoxicity by cell culture studies. Finally, the drug loaded hydrogel patches were demonstrated antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus.These results provide that the novel modified kappa-carrageenan and pectin based buccal delivery system has promising antifungal property, and could have advantages compared to conventional buccal delivery systems.antifungal activity, buccal drug delivery, thiolated kappa-carrageenan, triamcinolone acetonide | INTRODUCTIONUlcerative diseases in the mucous membrane of the buccal cavity are observed as a result of a wide etiological reasons such like infections, traumas, immunological disorders, or side effects of some drugs. 1,2 Amongst these, mucocutaneous diseases are observed frequently such as lichen planus, 3 aphthous stomatitis, 4 erythema multiforme, and Behçet's disease. 5 Conventional drug applied to the oral mucosa are generally in the form of in situ gels, 6 pastes, 7 or mouthwashes. 8 These forms have some drawbacks due to causing high-level drug concentration and in the oral cavity for a short period of time. 9 Therefore, the desired therapeutic drug concentration for mucosal and transmucosal absorption could not be adequately provided for healing. To overcome the limitations of the conventional delivery systems, use of oral mucoadhesive systems in the topical treatment of oral ulcerative diseases is a more rational approach. The oral mucoadhesive systems could be prepared in various forms such as buccal adhesive patches, films, and tablets. 10,11

Two series of pH-sensitive semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels (semi-IPN) based on chitosan (CS) natural polymer and acrylamide (AAm) and/or N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide (HMA) monomers by varying the monomer and CS ratios were synthesized by free radical chain polymerization. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a model anticancer drug, has been added to the feed composition before the polymerization. The characterization of gels indicated that the drug is molecularly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The swelling kinetics of drug-loaded gels have decreased with increased HMA content at 37 C in both distilled water and buffer solutions with a pH of 2.1 or 7.4. Elastic modulus of the gels increased with the increase in HMA content and higher CS concentration enhanced the elastic modulus positively. Moreover, cumulative release percentages of the gels for 5-FU were ca. 10% higher in pH 2.1 than those in pH 7.4 media. It was determined that they can be suitable for the use in both gastric and colon environments. V C 2015Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41886.

Recently, with the progression in wound dressings, the importance of the biocompatible material with enhanced features for potential applications in the biomedical field has been more developed. Current strategies focus on the acceleration of the wound healing by systematically designed dressing materials. In this study, biocompatible hydrogel films with the combination of silk fibroin, hyaluronic acid and gelatin biopolymers were fabricated. To gain the enhanced wound healing behavior of wound dressings, boric acid (BA) was formulated in various ratios. The prepared hydrogel films were characterized in terms of FTIR, TGA, DSC, and SEM analysis. Following to the swelling and mechanical tests, in vitro biocompatibility and wound healing tests were performed against L929 fibroblast cell line. Results suggest that the presence of 1% (wt/vol) BA in the formulation of silk fibroin/gelatin/hyaluronic acid based hydrogel films is the key in providing such an enhanced mechanical and wound healing feature and may offer an alternative approach for wound healing treatment.

In this study, pH responsive polymers composed of methacrylic acid, acrylamide, and N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide were synthesized by free radical polymerization technique. The characterization was done with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The swelling and drug release behavior of the hydrogels was determined as a function of time at 378C in pH 2.1 and 7.4. The swelling and drug release studies showed that increased methacrylic acid amount caused a higher increase in swelling and drug release values at pH 7.4 than those at pH 2.1. In addition, the drug release data were applied to kinetic models such as zero order, first order, and Higuchi equations, and it fit well in the Higuchi model of the hydrogel. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43226.