The aim of this study was to compare the safety, efficacy, tolerability, and the effects of atomoxetine and OROS-MPH on executive functions in children with ADHD. This study was an open-label study that only included two medication groups. Children were randomized to open-label atomoxetine or OROS-MPH for 12 weeks. Primary efficacy measures were T-DSM-IV-S, CGI-I and neuropsychological tests battery. Safety assessments included electrocardiogram, adverse events checklist and laboratory tests. According to the endpoint improvement scores of CGI and parents T-DSM-IV-S, treatment responses were not significantly different between the two study groups. OROS-MPH led to a significantly greater reduction in teacher T-DSM-IV-S scale scores. OROS-MPH was more effective than atomoxetine on Stroop-5 time and number of corrections. Significant decrease in the percentage of perseverative errors on WCST in the OROS-MPH group was seen (p = 0.005). The most frequently reported adverse events in the atomoxetine group were anorexia, nausea, nervousness, weight loss, abdominal pain, and somnolence. In the OROS-MPH group, patients most frequently reported anorexia, nervousness, insomnia, headache, nausea, and weight loss. When all these results are considered, although both drugs can be considered effective in ADHD treatment, more remarkable improvement is provided by OROS-MPH based on the rates across informant (i.e., teachers, clinicians) and neuropsychological evaluation.
The parent proxy reports of the Turkish translation of the PedsQL 4.0 may be used in research for group comparisons for 2- to 7-year-old Turkish children.
The aim of this study is to examine the volumetric differences of the fronto-temporal region in the offspring of schizophrenic patients in comparison to normal. Twenty-six offspring of chronic schizophrenic patients aged between 8 and 15 years and 23 control children were matched with respect to cranial MRI. Chronic schizophrenic patients were reevaluated with SCID-I to confirm their diagnosis. Parents of children in the control group completed SCL-90-R and were evaluated by clinical interview to exclude any psychotic disorder. The diagnoses of psychiatric disorders in all of the children were established by DSM-IV-based clinical interviews with children and parents. They underwent IQ evaluation by WISC-R and evaluated with cranial MRI. Hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala, corpus callosum, frontal, and temporal lobe volumes were measured and compared by using MANCOVA. After covarying whole brain volume, age and gender, statistically significant decrease in the measurements of corpus callosum and hippocampi, and a non-significant trend toward smaller temporal lobes were observed in the high-risk children. The structure of hippocampal formation and corpus callosum were impaired in the children of the schizophrenic patients which suggests a neurodevelopmental abnormality in subjects with genetic high risk for schizophrenia.
BackgroundStudies consistently found remarkable rates of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in children with chronic diseases. But, only one study had searched PTSS in children with diabetes, until now. So, the present study aimed to examine incidence rate and predictors of PTSS in children with type 1 diabetes.MethodPTSS were evaluated by Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index in fifty four children with diabetes (aged between 8–18 years). This assessment was based on hypoglycaemia as the potential traumatic event. Children were also introduced a brief questionnaire about demographic and disease related information. Some other information was obtained from families, medical stuff and records. Among 54 children, forty two had complete information. Hence, to evaluate possible predictive factors related with PTSS, multiple regression analysis was conducted for 42 children.Results18.5% of children were reported PTSS at severe or very severe level, and 51.9% were reported PTSS at moderate level or above. Multiple regression analyses were shown that child PTSS were not significantly related with possible predictive factors other than number of hypoglycaemic attacks for the last month.ConclusionThe study results support that posttraumatic stress symptoms are not rarely seen in paediatric patients with diabetes, and even if not severe, hypoglycaemic attacks may be perceived as traumatic by the children with diabetes. But, because of some limitations, the results should be carefully interpreted.
Çocuk ve ergenin cinsel istismar› çeflitli olumsuz sonuçlara yol açmaktad›r. Cinsel istismar›n olas› sonuçlar›, cinsellik üze-rine etkiler, depresif duygudurum, anksiyete, davran›flsal etkiler ve kiflilik de¤ifliklikleridir. Bu yaz›da cinsel istismar ma¤du-ru 21 çocuk ve ergenin ruhsal belirtileri DSM-IV'e dayal› olarak de¤erlendirilmifltir. 4-16 yafl aras› 12 k›z, 9 erkek çal›flma-n›n örneklemini oluflturmufltur. Tüm olgular›n düflük sosyoekonomik düzeyden geldi¤i görülmüfltür. En s›k görülen ruhsal bozukluklar travma sonras› stres bozuklu¤u, ayr›l›k anksiyetesi bozuklu¤u, major depresif bozukluk ve d›fla at›m bozukluklar› olarak saptanm›flt›r. Cinsel istismar ma¤duru çocuk ve ergenler çok farkl› psikiyatrik tablolar gelifltirebilmektedir. Bu nedenle cinsel istismar›n çocuk ve ergenler üzerindeki etkilerini bilmek de¤erlendirme, önleme ve tedavi aç›s›ndan önem tafl›maktad›r.Anahtar kelimeler: Çocuk, ergen, cinsel istismar, ruhsal etkiler SUMMARYChild and adolescent sexual abuse have lifelong consequences. Sexual development, emotional effects, depressed mood, anxiety, behavioral effects and alteration of personality are some possible consequences of sexual abuse. In this article we evaluated psychiatric symptoms according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria in 21 sexually abused children and adolescents. Twelve girls and nine boys between 4 and 16 years of age were investigated. All the patients belonged to low socioeconomic strata. The most frequently diagnosed psychiatric disorders in these children were posttraumatic stress disorder, separation anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and elimination disorder. Sexually abused children and adolescents present various psychiatric symptoms. So, understanding the consequences of sexual abuse on children and adolescents is significant in assessment, prevention, and treatment.
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