Salinity is one of the most common abiotic factors in the world and which strongly limits crop yields. Germination under salt stress could be a quick test to look for salt-tolerant plants. Our study was carried out on the seeds of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), a mallow native to East Africa, known for its fruit used as a vegetable, rich in vitamin C and calcium. The objective of this experiment is to study the effect of salt stress on germination using NaCl at different concentrations. The seeds are germinated at a temperature of 25°C. The results obtained show that the first sprouts appear from the second day after planting seeds for the controls as for stressed seeds salinity; changing germination accelerates with decreasing salt concentration. By cons, salinity does not affect the final rate of germination but rather influences the duration of the germination by lengthening when the medium of the salt concentration increases.
The Argan tree (Argania spinosa) is a drought-tolerant, and forest species observed in arid and semiarid zone in Algeria, has specific ecological characteristics and many interests (forest, field, and fruit). The natural reproduction of the tree has become difficult; we have assessed the propagation method by seedlings. In our experiments, we used two seed sources collected from Tindouf and Mostaganem. Based on the results of the regeneration of the Argan tree seedlings from the laboratory, we report that soaking of seed for at least four days will certainly contribute to the success of germination. Sterilization prevents microbial contamination and improves germination. According to the results, the germination tests revealed a very high rate of germination (95%) for seeds pre-soaked in water for 96 and 120 h at 25 and 30°C. The analysis of morphological characteristics of plants under greenhouse showed that there was growth in the root system of the argan seedlings and the aerial part improved quantitatively and qualitatively. Seedlings that acclimatized are two years and above, and had a well developed and lignified air device with a large leaf, which promotes their growth. The success rate for seedlings of 12 months was very low.
This paper presents the behavior, morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of argan seedlings to three water regimes at 30, 60 and 100% of field capacity. Based on the results of the growth parameters, we use the best result obtained from height growth. The increase in the number of leaves and thorns is obtained in seedlings subjected to water stress levels of about 60 and 100% against the application of a severe water stress of 30 and 0%. This led to reduction in the height of the stem, the number of leaves, and radial growth of biomass, and increased the length of the root portion. Regarding the water parameters, we noted a gradual decline in the relative water, the fresh and dry weight of leaves, stems and roots contents, with minimum values in the most severe stress (30 and 0%). Regarding the biochemical parameters, a decline in the relative water content is followed by a significant accumulation of soluble sugars and protein. Regarding the physiological parameters, stomata density intensifies level maintained at low water contents where the number of stomata per unit area behaves greatly compared to that of the hydrated treatments. Sweating is greatly reduced by increased water deficit; it is even more pronounced in the most severe treatment (30 and 0%).
The present study is carried out to compare tolerance levels towards salinity of three varieties of the plant Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabales Fabaceae): Cocorose, Eldjadida and Tadalaghte (a Saharan variety harvested from the area of Béchar in the south of Algeria) during germination. The tolerance levels are estimated by percentage of germinated seeds as well as of the length of roots (in cm), during a period of eight days. Preliminary results show that the germination is maximal in the distilled water and decreases with the increase of the salt concentration of the environment. It is non-existant at 300 meq of NaCl in all the varieties. The increase of the salt concentration delays the germination and reduces percentage of germinated seeds. The response of the seeds of P. vulgaris towards the saline stress varies depending on time and salt concentration. The effect of NaCl on germination varies also depending on the variety. It was found that the variety Tadalaghte shows a good tolerance towards salinity better than Eldjadida and Cocorose. The latter is the most sensitive variety.
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