The Argan tree (Argania spinosa) is a drought-tolerant, and forest species observed in arid and semiarid zone in Algeria, has specific ecological characteristics and many interests (forest, field, and fruit). The natural reproduction of the tree has become difficult; we have assessed the propagation method by seedlings. In our experiments, we used two seed sources collected from Tindouf and Mostaganem. Based on the results of the regeneration of the Argan tree seedlings from the laboratory, we report that soaking of seed for at least four days will certainly contribute to the success of germination. Sterilization prevents microbial contamination and improves germination. According to the results, the germination tests revealed a very high rate of germination (95%) for seeds pre-soaked in water for 96 and 120 h at 25 and 30°C. The analysis of morphological characteristics of plants under greenhouse showed that there was growth in the root system of the argan seedlings and the aerial part improved quantitatively and qualitatively. Seedlings that acclimatized are two years and above, and had a well developed and lignified air device with a large leaf, which promotes their growth. The success rate for seedlings of 12 months was very low.
This paper presents the behavior, morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of argan seedlings to three water regimes at 30, 60 and 100% of field capacity. Based on the results of the growth parameters, we use the best result obtained from height growth. The increase in the number of leaves and thorns is obtained in seedlings subjected to water stress levels of about 60 and 100% against the application of a severe water stress of 30 and 0%. This led to reduction in the height of the stem, the number of leaves, and radial growth of biomass, and increased the length of the root portion. Regarding the water parameters, we noted a gradual decline in the relative water, the fresh and dry weight of leaves, stems and roots contents, with minimum values in the most severe stress (30 and 0%). Regarding the biochemical parameters, a decline in the relative water content is followed by a significant accumulation of soluble sugars and protein. Regarding the physiological parameters, stomata density intensifies level maintained at low water contents where the number of stomata per unit area behaves greatly compared to that of the hydrated treatments. Sweating is greatly reduced by increased water deficit; it is even more pronounced in the most severe treatment (30 and 0%).
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