External osteotomy is an easy approach to carryout and makes fracture with high precision along preset lines. The bone stump is stable. The damage to the nasal mucosa is much less. There is reduced bleeding, reduced edema and reduced ecchymosis around eyes. The cutaneous scar at the entry site of osteotome is invisible.

Inhalation of foreign body into the tracheobronchial tree is a medical emergency sometimes resulting into sudden death. The current mortality rate due to foreign body inhalation ranges from 0% to 1.8%. Children with or without positive history of aspiration were examined and diagnosis was made on the basis of history, clinical findings, radiological evaluation and strong index of suspicion. A review of 30 cases of suspected foreign body aspiration revealed, children between 6 months were found to be very vulnerable to aspiration. Majority of children were boys. 80% of the patients had positive history of inhalation. Only 50% of the patients presented immediately i.e. within 24 hours after aspiration. Common symptoms were cough and respiratory distress. Decreased air entry was the significant clinical sign (50%). Obstructive emphysema and mediastinal shift were found in the majority of cases (50%). Rigid bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia and patient ventilating using a jet ventilator is a very safe and effective technique.

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Background the aim of study is to evaluate the Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with conventional instruments, its results and advantage over external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).

Nasopharyngeal angiofi broma is a rare, highly vascular locally invasive tumor with a strong tendency to bleed. It usually occurs in young adolescent males. This is a retrospective study of 53 patients with nasopharyngeal angiofi broma. All the cases were treated surgically by different conventional approaches depending upon the extent of the mass. Transpalatal approach was used in 32 cases, lateral rhinotomy in 13 cases and a combination of transpalatine + lateral rhinotomy + caldwel-luc in 8 cases. There is no recurrence in 49 cases till date. However, recurrence was noted in four cases within six months. Three out of four patients with recurrence had to undergo repeat surgery for the removal of angiofi broma within six months while the remaining one was referred to radiotherapy as the mass was invading the cavernous sinus. The various clinical presentation and treatment modalities are discussed.

Introduction Surgery remains main treatment of choice for thyroid nodule for diagnosis and treatment. Conventional thyroid surgery gives scar in the neck so many young patients particularly unmarried females demand thyroid surgery without visible scar in the neck for cosmetic reason. Extra cervical approaches have continued to evolve with an increasing body of research (Sarda AK, Bal S, Kapoor MM (1989) Near-total thyroidectomy for carcinoma of thyroid. Br J surg 76(90):2).majority of them presenting in 21-30 age So, here there is evaluation of minimally invasive or endoscopic thyroid techniques. Here, we have studied endoscopic approach and utilize it to minimize scar and scarless thyroid surgery. Aims and objectives To evaluate optimal patient selection criteria. To study various surgical approaches and outcomes. To decide surgical approach according to size. To study patients satisfaction. Methodology It was a prospective study of 50 patients with a duration of 3 years. All the Euthyroid cases with clinically palpable thyroid swelling in age group 15-60, after a detailed clinical history and examination, who required surgery and concern for visible neck scar are councelled and included in our study. ResultsIn our study 45 patients were females and 5 were males with majority of them presenting in 21-30 age group. All the patients in our study are presented with neck swelling. In most patients FNAC is suggestive of colloid goiter. Conclusion Endoscopic thyroid surgery is mainly indicated for young patients having benign thyroid tumor less than 3 cm in size. Transaxillary and retroauricular are common approaches and is selected as per patient choice and surgeon expertise. Transaxillary thyroidectomy can be performed safely as conventional thyroidectomy.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Microscopes have ruled ear surgeries for years. The invention of endoscope and its use in otorhinolaryngology have become an important alternative for use. Importance of endoscope lies in giving the operating surgeon a wider exposure of the EAC and access in various hidden areas without need of a post auricular incision. Aim of this study is to analyze the outcome of endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, from July 2015 to July 2017. Thirty patients with tympanic membrane perforation (tubotympanic type) were included in study. Patients were followed up for a mean duration of 12 months and the outcome was analyzed.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The patients included in the study ranged in the age group of 15-55 years. Out of them 16 were males and 14 were females. All of them underwent endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty. 2 out of 30 patients had graft failure while others had good graft uptake. Overall success rate was 93.3%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Transcanal endoscopic tympanoplasty is highly successful, safe and less traumatic and thus can be used for ear surgeries.</p>

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