Phenolic resin-carbon fiber composites are used in various industries due to their high flame resistance, high strength to weight ratio, and high thermal stability as an insulator. In this study, to expand the applications of this composite in marine structures, phenolic resin-carbon fiber-nanosilica composites were fabricated with eight layers of twill carbon fibers and 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt% of nanosilica then flexural and flame resistance was investigated. To evaluate the stability of the composites in seawater, the samples were placed in seawater for 30, 60, and 90 days then the flexural test was performed and the percentage of strength reduction was calculated. Thermogravimetric analyzer test was performed on a sample that had the highest strength after 90-day immersion.Finally, it was found that nanosilica particles had a significant effect on increasing the flexural strength and flame resistance of samples so that the sample with 3 wt% silica had flexural strength and burning rate of 690 MPa, 0.098 g/s, respectively.
The aim of this research was to model rutting of modified stone matrix asphalt concrete pavements. Four mixes were investigated, including two modified with different percentages of styrene–butadiene–styrene (4 and 6%), one modified with cellulose fibres and one unmodified mix. Dynamic creep tests were performed on specimens of each mix to obtain material parameters of the creep power law used for rutting modelling purposes. For each mix, a model was developed and then a finite-element method was used to estimate the rut depth of a pavement structure by incorporating realistic material properties for the base course, subbase course and subgrade beneath the asphalt concrete pavement surface. Results of applying static and repeated loads on modelled pavement show that the rut depth of static loading is greater than a repeated one. Moreover, a pavement made from asphalt concrete modified with 6% styrene–butadiene–styrene would have the least rut depth followed by the 4% mix, the unmodified mix and the cellulose fibre mix, respectively.
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