Study of mechanical, flame, and water stability of phenolic resin / carbon fiber / nanosilica composites

Bakhshi, Behzad; Heydarian, Meysam

doi:10.1002/pc.26101

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…[18] Different catalytic methods like acid, base, CrCl 2 , and CrCl 3 catalysts were also explored to study their effect on the synthesis of novolac and resol-typephenol-furfural resin. [12,17,19,20] Less reactivity of the furfural made the synthesis of phenol-furfural resin more complicated than the PF resin synthesis. The correlation between the reaction conditions and the structure and properties of the phenol-furfural resin is not yet clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of biophenol‐furfural based bioresin for curing of styrene butadiene rubber

Koley

Chattopadhyay

Bhowmick

2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In the present work, biophenol and furfural‐based resol resin was synthesized and utilized for the very first time to cure styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). The reaction was studied over a range of times, temperatures, pH, and furfural to biophenol ratios to fix the optimum conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed the functional groups and chemical structure of the synthesized resin, respectively. An exothermic peak for the resin curing appeared at 143°C in the differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of the resin. Then, the biophenol‐furfural resin was utilized for the curing of SBR. The synthesized resin increased the tensile strength of the raw rubber from 0.20 ± 0.01 MPa to 1.22 ± 0.10 MPa at 10 phr loading, and the crosslink density was 2.56 × 10−5 mol/mL. The activation energy for curing SBR containing 10 phr resin was 97 kJ/mol. The storage modulus of the resin‐cured compound was improved. The glass transition temperature of the raw SBR was also shifted from −43.8 to −42.3°C when 10 phr resin was used for the curing. Hence, for the first time, this work reported the utilization of biophenol‐biosourced furfural resin to cure rubbers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of biophenol‐furfural based bioresin for curing of styrene butadiene rubber

Koley

Chattopadhyay

Bhowmick

2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Chen [ 4 ] prepared carbon‐quartz fiber reinforced phenolic‐silica aerogel nanocomposite by using the dipping method, and the composites have good thermal ablation and insulation performance in oxyacetylene ablation oxidation flame. Bakhshi [ 15 ] found that nanosilica particles could significantly help increase the flexural strength and flame resistance of phenolic composites. Some researchers investigated the interlaminar mechanical performance to improve composites' ablative performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Z‐pin effect on interlaminar mechanical and ablation performance of quartz‐phenolic composites

Huan

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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When a spacecraft flies at a high speed through a high‐heat flow, the ablative composites suffer from severe delamination and bulging due to their weak interlaminar performance. This will interfere normal operations of spacecraft. To improve the interlaminar performance of ablative composites is of great significance to the ablative structures. This study investigated Z‐pin reinforced quartz‐phenolic composites and reinforcement mechanism. First, a thermogravimetry (TG) test was used to analyze the thermal decomposition process of the phenolic. Second, a series of tests, including a single Z‐pin pull‐out, a single‐lap joint tensile and an oxyacetylene ablation test, were conducted to investigate composites' ablation performance. We also deployed a 3D morphometer and an infrared thermography to reveal the function of Z‐pins. The results demonstrated that Z‐pins can improve composites' ablation performance in both structure and function. In the structure, Z‐pins suppress the interlaminar delamination of composites by enhancing the interlaminar strength. As the ablation time increases, interface bridging between the Z‐pin and laminates contributes increasingly to the interlaminar shear strength of laminates. After 60 s of ablation in a flame of 920°C, the interlaminar shear strength of Z‐pin specimens is 84.66% stronger than that of the normal composites. In the function, the Z‐pins suppress large areas of bulges by providing escape channels for pyrolysis gas, and reduce bulging areas by 60%. Z‐pin technology can effectively suppress mechanical erosion of the ablative surface due to the delamination and bulging. It is an important way to improve ablation performance of ablative structures.

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“…The success of the reinforcing phase always depends on the amount, distribution and dispersion of the nano-particles inside the matrix. [13][14][15][16][17] In this work ZrO 2 , SiC, and MgO nano-particles were selected to be added to a lightweight carbon-phenolic ablator (ρ ~0.3 g/cm 3 ) for their low density, low thermal conductivity, and high melting point. At first, samples of phenolic resin and nano-particles were manufactured in order to understand the influence of the nano-fillers on the mechanical properties of the unreinforced phenolic resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The success of the reinforcing phase always depends on the amount, distribution and dispersion of the nano‐particles inside the matrix. [ 13–17 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ceramic nano‐particles on the properties of a carbon‐phenolic ablator

et al. 2022

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Carbon-phenolic ablators are very efficient heat shields for atmospheric reentry vehicles: they are able to protect a capsule from hyper thermal environments characterized by intense heat fluxes (>1 MW/m 2 ) and very high temperature (also exceeding 300 C). Ablative materials can be modified by the addition of nano-fillers in order to improve their performance: small amounts of nano-fillers (in the order of 2-5 wt%) are able to enhance the matrix material properties, guarantying a weight saving too. In this work, three different kinds of ceramic nano-particles (ZrO 2 , SiC, and MgO) were tested as fillers for a phenolic resin and for a carbon-phenolic ablator: the variation in the mechanical properties and ablative performances were verified through mechanical tests and oxyacetylene flame exposure. The influence of the nanoparticles in the composite materials properties and the phenomena connected to their presence in the ablative material were deeply investigated with scanning electron microscope, EDS, XRD, and FTIR analysis.

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Study of mechanical, flame, and water stability of phenolic resin / carbon fiber / nanosilica composites

Cited by 11 publications

References 48 publications

Synthesis and properties of biophenol‐furfural based bioresin for curing of styrene butadiene rubber

Synthesis and properties of biophenol‐furfural based bioresin for curing of styrene butadiene rubber

Z‐pin effect on interlaminar mechanical and ablation performance of quartz‐phenolic composites

Effect of ceramic nano‐particles on the properties of a carbon‐phenolic ablator

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