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This article examines the current state of sport governance research within the field of sport management. In adopting Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework, a scoping review was conducted involving a comprehensive search of all published literature between 1980 and 2016.The process involved searching four electronic databases and a manual search of sport management journals. The search identified (n=243) journal articles that examined sport governance related issues. Findings are presented as a frequency and thematic analysis. The frequency analysis reveals a notable increase in sport governance research in recent years with a large number of non-empirical studies focused on the not-for-profit sector. The thematic analysis draws upon and extends Henry and Lee's (2004) three notions of governance and identifies sport governance-related topics, research contexts and social issues. Findings indicate that all three forms of governance (organizational, systemic, and political) have contributed to our understanding of sport governance but more empirical and theoretically driven research is needed.Keywords: sport governance, research methods, sport organisation governance GOVERNANCE IN SPORT: A SCOPING REVIEW Governance in Sport: A Scoping Review Governance in sport has become a central concern to sport management academics and practitioners in recent years as evidenced by the number of keynotes (e.g., Shilbury, 2015), special issues (e.g., Dolles & Söderman, 2011), and books (e.g., Hoye & Cuskelly, 2007;King, 2017) dedicated to examining sport governance issues. This interest has emerged, in part, from broader societal concerns surrounding governance (e.g., Enron scandal and the global economic crisis) but also due to recent high profile failures specifically within the context of sport (e.g., Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and the Russian doping scandal). In general, the application of governance to the sport context sensitizes us to how sport organizations and systems are steered and controlled. Central to the concept of governance is the notion of power, where power lies within sport organizations and systems, and the extent to which power has shifted.Yet despite governance being recognized as a "paradigm-generating concept" (Bellamy & Palumbo, 2010, p. xii) that "has spawned a veritable cottage industry of its own" (Grix & Phillpots, 2011, p. 6), there has been no systematic attempt to capture the extent of this burgeoning literature base by either public administration, management or sport management scholars. It is also evident that despite much academic and practitioner interest in the concept of governance, definitional agreement within the broader public administration and management literature remains problematic. The concept of governance has been described as confusing (Kjaer, 2004), elusive (Pierre, 2000), and fuzzy (Colebatch, 2014), with its application to date being imprecise (Bevir, 2012) and with "too many meanings to be useful" (Rhodes, 1996, p. 660).Furthermo...

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While hosting mega sporting events brings various benefits to the host regions from the increased number of tourists, one of the main factors that deters tourists is the various types of risks associated with international travels. The sport tourism literature has highlighted terrorism risk and political instability as major concerns that impact travel intentions. This study examined and compared the influence of tourists’ risk perceptions on travel intentions across mega sporting event host destinations with different levels (i.e. apparent risks, less imminent risks, and unidentified risks) of such risks. Data were collected from 571 potential tourists via an online survey software and analyzed using a structural equation modeling technique. The results indicated that perceived terrorism risk significantly influenced the tourists’ travel intentions. Tourists’ terrorism risk perceptions toward South Korea (apparent risks) most significantly impacted their travel intentions, followed by general destinations outside of the United States (unidentified risks), while political instability was not significantly related to travel intentions. These findings offer practical implications for mega sporting event organizers.

The purpose of this article is to identify and characterize the use of risk management strategies in major sporting events from the perspective of the organizing committee members and other stakeholders. Two Canadian sporting events—the ISU (International Skating Union) 2006 World Figure Skating Championships and the U-20 FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) World Cup Canada 2007—provided the platform for a comparative case study that was built using archival material and interviews. Key findings included a breakdown of risk management strategy types and an analysis of common strategies used across the various stakeholder groups. Seven risk strategy categories were identified by the various stakeholder groups: reduction, avoidance, reallocation, diffusion, prevention, legal, and relationship management. As a result, a strategic framework for dealing with risk management issues experienced at sporting events is provided.

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