“…Chappelet (2001) stated that "due to its duration, cost and complexity, a major project [or sporting event] is inevitably subject to unforeseen events, to setbacks, and to numerous, major areas of uncertainty that are inevitable because of so many risks that exist" (p. 7). Topics that have been covered on risks include the effects of terrorism (Atkinson & Young, 2002;Giulianotti & Klauser, 2010;Taylor & Toohey, 2006Toohey, 2008;Toohey, Taylor, & Choong-Ki Lee, 2003), security (Giulianotti & Klauser, 2010), crowd control (Appenzeller, 2005), security for sporting facilities (Ammon, Southall, & Blair, 2004;Preuss, 2004;Walker & Stotlar, 1997), actual losses associated with the event (Chang & Singh, 1990), incidents (Fuller & Myerscough, 2001), injuries (Fuller & Drawer, 2004), and an overall impact on stakeholders, including risk management issues (Leopkey & Parent, 2009a) and strategies (Leopkey & Parent, 2009b). Even though delegations/participants have been treated as stakeholders in some of these studies (e.g., Fuller & Drawer, 2004;Leopkey & Parent 2009a, 2009b, little research has been carried out on how the participating teams manage risks in events.…”