Manometry and dynamometry are more reliable tools than vaginal palpation for the assessment of PFM strength in women with pelvic floor disorders, especially when different raters are involved. The different PFM strength measures used clinically are moderately correlated; whereas, PFM activation recorded using transperineal sEMG is only weakly correlated with PFM strength. Results from perineal sEMG should not be interpreted in the context of reporting PFM strength.
MPS is a common source of pain in subjects presenting chronic non-specific neck pain.
BackgroundThe Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) are patient-based outcome scores with valid psychometric properties which are widely used for shoulder interventions.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to adapt both questionnaires cross-culturally to Spanish, and to test their reliability, validity, responsiveness, and feasibility.DesignCultural adaptation and psychometric validation study.MethodsConsecutive patients who had undergone breast cancer surgery referred to an outpatient clinic at the University of Alcalá de Henares, Spain. One hundred and twenty women who had undergone breast cancer surgery, with pain and shoulder dysfunction. Cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the international guidelines. Reliability was analysed by test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Content and convergent construct validity were measured by the Expert Committee’s and Spearman coefficient respectively. Responsiveness, feasibility, floor and ceiling effects were also tested.ResultsOne hundred and twenty women aged 54.2 (±11) years took part in the study. The reliability was excellent; test-retest reliability was 0.974 (p < 0.001) for OSS, and 0.992 (p < 0.001) for SPADI; and Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.947 for OSS, and 0.965 for SPADI. High construct validity was found between the OSS and SPADI questionnaires (r = −0.674). The effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM) was moderate in OSS (ES = 0.50 and SRM = 0.70 (p < 0.001)), and moderate to good in SPADI (ES = 0.59 and SRM = 0.82 (p < 0.001)).LimitationsThis study has some limitations, such as the group of participants is composed only of women following breast cancer treatment; the measurement took place in a single centre; and all the questionnaires administered were always provided to the participants in the same order.ConclusionsThe OSS and SPADI Spanish versions are applicable, reliable, valid, and responsive to assess shoulder symptoms and quality of life in Spanish women with shoulder pain and disability after breast cancer treatment.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12955-015-0256-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Background: The evaluation of sexual function is an important outcome in women who suffer some pelvic floor disorders (PFD). The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) is the most widely used questionnaire to evaluate the sexual health in female population. This study presents the adaptation and psychometric validation of the FSFI for Spanish women with PFD. Methods: The Spanish version of the FSFI was developed through the forward and backward translation process. The psychometric properties of reliability, validity, responsiveness, and feasibility were conducted in Spanish women with PFD who were assigned to the case or control group (with or without sexual dysfunction respectively). Results: A total of 323 Spanish women with PFD were recruited. The cross-cultural adaptation of the Spanish FSFI achieved a good semantic, conceptual, idiomatic, and content equivalence. The test-retest reliability was shown to be high in all of the cases. The convergent validity showed high results in the domain intercorrelations between each domain and total FSFI. The discriminant validity showed statistically significant differences between sexual dysfunction and control groups. The responsiveness was shown to be moderate to good in the dimensions and excellent in the total FSFI. Conclusions: Spanish FSFI can be used as a reliable, valid, responsive, and feasible instrument for assessing sexual function in women.
Therapeutic patient education programs must assess the competences that patients achieve. Evaluation in the pedagogical domain ensures that learning has taken place among patients. The Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) is a tool for assessing patient knowledge about urinary (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) conditions. The aim of this study was to translate the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) into Spanish and test its measurement properties, as well as propose real practical cases as a competence assessment tool. The cross-cultural adaptation was conducted by a standardized translation/back-translation method. Measurement properties analysis was performed by assessing the validity, reliability, responsiveness, and interpretability. A total of 275 women were recruited. The discriminant validity showed statistically significant differences in the PIKQ scores between patients and expert groups. Cronbach’s alpha revealed good internal consistency. The test–retest reliability showed excellent correlation with UI and POP scales. Regarding responsiveness, the effect size, and standardized response mean demonstrated excellent values. No floor or ceiling effects were shown. In addition, three “real practical cases” evaluating skills in identifying and analyzing, decision making, and problem-solving were developed and tested. The Spanish PIKQ is a comprehensible, valid, reliable, and responsive tool for the Spanish population. Real practical cases are useful competence assessment tools that are well accepted by women with pelvic floor disorders (PFD), improving their understanding and their decision-making regarding PFD.
Hypopressive exercises have emerged as a conservative treatment option for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). The aim of this study was to compare the effects of an eight-week hypopressive exercise program to those of an individualized pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training (PFMT) program, and to a combination of both immediately after treatment and at follow-up assessments at 3, 6 and 12 months later. The study was a prospective, single-centre, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Ninety-four women with PFD were assigned to PFMT (n = 32), hypopressive exercises (n = 31) or both (n = 31). All programs included the same educational component, and instruction about lifestyle interventions and the knack manoeuvre. Primary outcomes were the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory Short Form (PFDI-20); the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire Short Form (PFIQ-7); PFM strength (manometry and dynamometry) and pelvic floor basal tone (dynamometry). There were no statistically significant differences between groups at baseline, nor after the intervention. Overall, women reduced their symptoms (24.41–30.5 on the PFDI-20); improved their quality of life (14.78–21.49 on the PFIQ-7), improved their PFM strength (8.61–9.32 cmH2O on manometry; 106.2–247.7 g on dynamometry), and increased their pelvic floor basal tone (1.8–22.9 g on dynamometry). These data suggest that individual PFMT, hypopressive exercises and a combination of both interventions significantly reduce PFD symptoms, enhance quality of life, and improve PFM strength and basal tone in women with PFD, both in the short and longer term.
Background: The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaires on Health Problems (OSTRC-H) and Overuse Injury (OSTRC-O) have shown a greater ability to identify athletes with health problems and to estimate the severity of those problems compared with traditional surveillance methods. Despite the numerous language adaptations of these questionnaires and their extended use, some of their measurement properties remain unknown. Moreover, these questionnaires are not available for Spanish-speaking athletes, and the validity and reliability of these questionnaires in youth athletes are unknown. Purpose: To cross-culturally adapt and investigate the measurement properties of the second version of the OSTRC-H (OSTRC-H2) and OSTRC-O (OSTRC-O2) questionnaires in Spanish youth athletes. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Following international guidelines, we developed Spanish cross-cultural adaptations of the questionnaires, including a comprehensibility analysis with 30 participants from the target population. In the second phase, 73 athletes (age range, 12-18 years) were invited to participate in an 11-week prospective study. The reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability) of both questionnaires was assessed through use of Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments recommendations. The construct validity and responsiveness of the OSTRC-H2 were evaluated using the convergence of the OSTRC-H2 severity score and the number of days of time loss. The response rate after 11 weeks was calculated as a feasibility indicator. Results: Equivalent Spanish versions were developed. A total of 63 athletes (age range, 12-17 years) participated in the prospective study. The Cronbach alpha was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.92-0.94) for OSTRC-H2 and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.86-0.90) for OSTRC-O2. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79-0.92) and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81-0.89), and the Cohen kappa was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.71-0.89) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78-0.96), respectively, for OSTRC-H2 and OSTRC-02. Correlations between the severity score and time loss (Spearman rho = 0.61) and between the changes in both scores over time (Spearman rho = 0.78) were within our expected range. The response rate was 95.5% for the OSTRC-O2 and 99.6% for the OSTRC-H2. Conclusion: These results present equivalent, reliable, and feasible Spanish versions of both questionnaires as well as evidence of the validity and responsiveness of the OSTRC-H2.
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