Spain
AimTo describe the knowledge as well as current and potential use of self-sampling kits among men who have sex with men (MSM) and to analyse their preferred biological sample and result communication method.
MethodsWe analyse data of MSM of HIV negative or unknown serostatus from an online survey conducted in eight countries (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia and Spain) between April and December 2016. It was advertised mainly in gay dating websites. We conduct a descriptive analysis of the main characteristics of the participants, and present data on indicators of knowledge, use and potential use of HIV self-sampling as well as their preferences regarding blood or saliva sample and face or non-face-to-face result communication by country of residence.
ResultsA total of 8.226 participants of HIV negative or unknown serostatus were included in the analysis. Overall, 25.5% of participants knew about self-sampling (range: 18.8-47.2%) and 1.1% had used it in the past (range: 0.3-8.9%). Potential use was high, with 66.6% of all participants reporting that they would have already used it if available in the past (range: 62.1-82.1%). Most (78.6%) reported that they would prefer using a blood-based kit, and receiving the result of the test through a nonface-to-face-method (70.8%), even in the case of receiving a reactive result.
ConclusionThe high potential use reported by MSM recruited in eight different European countries suggests that self-sampling kits are a highly acceptable testing methodology that could contribute to the promotion of HIV testing in this population.
El Pensamiento Visual (PV) es un constructo cognitivo que resulta cada vez más relevante para explicar la representación mental que hacemos del mundo y de la realidad que nos rodea, a partir de la percepción y el razonamiento espacial. Estos conceptos están asociados a la inteligencia y resultan significativos para la educación tanto en el ámbito artístico como en el científico. Realizamos una investigación descriptiva del constructo PV con 314 estudiantes del Grado en Educación en las Universidades de Valladolid (España), Boston y Harvard (EE.UU.). Se utiliza la Escala de Pensamiento Visual (EPV) realizada ad hoc para el análisis de los factores de visualización (estática y dinámica), de razonamiento proporcional y de lectura de imagen. Destaca el déficit de visualización estática en las referencias visuales del propio campo visual y éste se vincula con la lectura objetiva (estructural y óptico-geométrica) de la imagen. El razonamiento proporcional en el análisis de formas y de ángulos muestra notables diferencias entre su consideración conceptual y la lectura visual. Considerando la relación entre los diferentes sistemas de representación utilizados en el modelado educativo (gráficos, mapas, dibujos, fotografías y sus formas de animación), se establece una aproximación cognitiva de este déficit con las dificultades de interpretación gráfica, tanto en la creación como en la interpretación visual de estos recursos.
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