This paper aims at being a guide to understand the different types of transportation problems by presenting a survey of mathematical models and algorithms used to solve different types of transportation modes (ship, plane, train, bus, truck, Motorcycle, Cars, and others) by air, water, space, cables, tubes, and road. Some problems are as follows: bus scheduling problem, delivery problem, combining truck trip problem, open vehicle routing problem, helicopter routing problem, truck loading problem, truck dispatching problem, truck routing problem, truck transportation problem, vehicle routing problem and variants, convoy routing problem, railroad blocking problem (RBP), inventory routing problem (IRP), air traffic flow management problem (TFMP), cash transportation vehicle routing problem, and so forth.

Pipelines [1] transport such resources as water, petroleum products, telecommunications, chemicals, natural gas, sewage, beer, biofuels (ethanol and biobutanol), and hydrogen. The Locations are residential and commercial areas, treatment plants, processing facilities, gas stations, pumping stations, terminals, tanks, storage facilities, partial delivery stations, inlet stations, injection stations, block valve stations, regulator stations, final delivery stations, floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessels, or other structures [1]. Water transportation problems (WTP) is a generic name given to a whole class of problems in which water transportation is necessary by pipelines or other means. Water distribution networks carry resources (drinking water, purified water, deionized water, distilled water, hard water, heavy water, soft water, tritiated water) to such locations as water storage facilities by pipelines and ducts. A water distribution network is a hydraulic infrastructure that is part of the water supply system composed of a set of pipes, hydraulic devices (pumps, pressure-reducing valves, etc.), and reservoirs [2]. The problems that arise in the distribution of water are usually the following: distribution of cities lack adequate modernization and maintenance, which cause loss of water resources, and poor distribution of water as a consequence causes the water to run through more miles to reach its destination. Traditionally networks of water

In this paper we present the implementation of police patrols based on an intelligent model of VRP using an algorithm of variable neighborhood search, which allows to solve vehicle routing situations, obtaining results that show optimization, problems arising from transportation, distribution and logistics; in most markets, transport means a value added to goods, for which the use of computerized methods of transportation resulting in significant savings. Most optimization problems of the real world are dynamic, that is, because the information available about the situation you want to solve is variable over time. One example is the problem of routing of dynamic order in which is required to develop a service plan for a set of clients using a fleet of vehicles, in order to include in the plan to new customers who send their orders along the route or the workday. We use MATLAB for algorithm development, data visualization, and numeric computation. With ant colony algorithm to calculate the total time of the patrols.

Resumen. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de detección de objetos en un espacio bidimensional controlado, empleando técnicas de visión artificial. Los objetos detectados tienen una geometría rígida y están expuestos a iluminación real, por lo tanto, el sistema es robusto a los cambios de iluminación y sombreado. Con el fin de manejar la gran cantidad de datos a procesar en tiempo real, se utiliza un dispositivo MyRIO el cual contiene un FPGA. Dicho dispositivo permite la comunicación con el software LabVIEW donde reside la interfaz de usuario. Empleando LabVIEW se implementa un algoritmo de seguimiento por color, con el fin de asistir a un agente reactivo, que utiliza un sensor infrarrojo para detectar la distancia a un obstáculo y realizar las funciones de forrajeo y almacenamiento.