The Indonesian island of Sulawesi is widely considered a mammal conservation hotspot, mainly due to the high number of threatened endemic species with limited geographical ranges that are found there, and also due to the biogeographical importance of Sulawesi as the largest island in the Wallacea region.
To date, there has been no comprehensive review to evaluate the status of what we know about mammals in Sulawesi. The overarching goal of our review is to contribute towards identifying knowledge gaps in the biology and ecology of mammals in Sulawesi.
Our specific aims were to: 1) identify taxonomic and geographic bias in published research; 2) identify biases within existing ecological knowledge; and 3) identify key research priorities for the future.
Our review covers a total of 280 articles (published between 1921 and 2017) on 144 species of mammal from Sulawesi.
Through our review we found: 1) a strong taxonomic bias, with the majority of studies being conducted on primates (59% of published articles); 2) a geographic bias, where significantly fewer studies took place in the provinces of West Sulawesi and Gorontalo; and 3) a bias in research topics, with most studies (50% of published research) focusing on taxonomy and behaviour.
As an outcome of this review, we provide specific recommendations for future researchers, including: 1) a checklist of understudied species, with particular emphasis on understudied species of conservation concern; 2) a checklist of understudied research topics, with an emphasis on the need to conduct detailed auto‐ecological studies; and 3) suggestions on how to adjust research methods on population and habitat studies.
Burung merupakan bioindikator perubahan habitat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons burung yang berhabitat di karst Maros-Pangkep, Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung terhadap perubahan habitat. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga lokasi, dengan perbedaan tingkat gangguan, yaitu zona inti (minim gangguan), zona rimba (tingkat gangguan sedang), kebun masyarakat (tingkat gangguan tinggi). Pengumpulan data vegetasi habitat burung dilakukan menggunakan modifikasi metode garis berpetak. Pengumpulan data burung dilakukan menggunakan metode point count. Analisis data vegetasi habitat burung dilakukan menggunakan kerapatan vegetasi. Perbedaan komposisi vegetasi habitat burung dianalisis menggunakan indeks kesamaan komunitas Sorensen. Analisis data burung dilakukan menggunakan kepadatan populasi, indeks keragaman jenis Shannon-Weinner, indeks dominansi Simpson, indeks kemerataan jenis Pielou, serta indeks kekayaan jenis Margalef. Beda nyata pada populasi burung diuji menggunakan uji ANOVA satu arah, serta uji Tukey dan Bonferroni. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa burung yang hidup di karst tergolong peka akan perubahan habitat, yang terlihat dari adanya perbedaan nyata pada populasi. Degradasi habitat berdampak pada berbagai tingkatan trofik, dan direspons burung dalam bentuk berkurangnya jumlah individu dan spesies, peralihan spesies burung yang memiliki indeks nilai penting (INP) tertinggi dari spesies dengan tingkat toleransi rendah ke tingkat toleransi tinggi, peralihan feeding guild burung yang memiliki INP tinggi dari frugivora ke frugivora-insektivora dan selanjutnya ke granivora, berkurangnya jumlah spesies berukuran tubuh besar, serta berkurangnya jumlah spesies yang membutuhkan tempat khusus untuk bersarang. Mengingat karst Maros-Pangkep memiliki berbagai peran penting, maupun nilai ilmiah dan keragaman hayati yang tinggi, maka diperlukan pelibatan berbagai pihak, untuk menjaga kelestariannya, termasuk penetapan seluruh areal karst Maros-Pangkep menjadi kawasan bentang-alam karst.
Orchids are considered one of the most commercially valuable in ornamental plant. Dendrobium striaenopsis, an endemic orchid to Tanimbar Islands, Moluccas, is widely notable species for orchid hybridizing. However, with its restricted distribution to small islands, this species is prone to extinction. To date, the ecological aspects of D. striaenopsis are not well studied, thus can hamper its conservation efforts. 30 plots in 3 different types of habitat in Angwarmase Island Nature Reserve were surveyed to assess its abundance and habitat. The locals surrounding the reserve were interviewed to identify potential threats. 165 individuals D. striaenopsis were found during survey. The result indicated that D. striaenopsis was not host-specific orchid species. The species was found in 15 species host trees with Lumnitzera racemose was the common host species. Zone 2 (upper part of the main stem) was revealed as the most favorable part at the host tree (105 individuals). It was found that the habitat of the species was threatened by agriculture activities. Besides, D. striaenopsis was also traded illegally by locals.
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