Abstrak. Putri IASLP. 2015. Pengaruh kekayaan jenis tumbuhan sumber pakan terhadap keanekaragaman burung herbivora di Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung,. Ketersediaan pakan memiliki pengaruh yang sangat besar terhadap komunitas burung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan pakan terhadap komunitas burung herbivora di kawasan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung. Hubungan antara ketersediaan pakan dengan burung herbivora dilakukan dengan membandingkan keadaan komunitas burung pada empat tipe habitat yang berbeda yang memiliki kekayaan jenis pohon penghasil pakan burung yang berbeda, yaitu pada (i) habitat hutan primer-sekunder tua di zona inti, (ii) habitat zona rimba yang berupa hutan sekunder yang letaknya berbatasan dengan pemukiman penduduk, serta (iii) dua buah areal zona rehabilitasi yang berupa kawasan hutan yang merupakan bekas kebun masyarakat. Kedua areal zona rehabilitasi ini memiliki kekayaan jenis pohon yang berbeda. Pengumpulan data burung herbivora dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode point count. Pengumpulan data tumbuhan penghasil pakan burung dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode garis berpetak. Analisis data burung dilakukan dengan menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman jenis Shannon-Wiener, indeks kemerataan jenis Pielou dan indeks dominasi Simpson. Beda nyata pada populasi burung yang dijumpai di lokasi penelitian diuji dengan menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kekayaan jenis tumbuhan penghasil pakan burung sangat berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman jenis burung, sehingga terdapat perbedaan nyata pada populasi burung yang dijumpai di lokasi penelitian. Pada kawasan hutan sekunder tua, yang menyediakan banyak pohon pakan, memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman hayati burung tertinggi. Pada zona rimba yang berupa hutan yang berbatasan langsung dengan pemukiman penduduk kekayaan keanekaragaman hayati burung herbivora tergolong sedang. Pada areal zona rehabilitasi, yang berupa bekas kebun masyarakat, keanekaragaman hayati burung bervariasi dari sedang hingga rendah. Bulusaraung National Park,. Feed availability is the most importance component that is affecting the bird community. The aim of this research was to determine the importance of feed availability to herbivorous bird community. The research was conducted by comparing the diversity of herbivorous bird at four sites with different feed plant abundance at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The first site was core zone with old-growth forest. The second site was wilderness zone with the secondary forest that bordering with community settlement. The third and the fourth sites were rehabilitation zone with abandoned community garden which differs in the composition of vegetation. The population of birds was collected using point count method and the feed plant species was collected using systematic quadrat sampling method. Data of bird population was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou Evenness index and Simpson dominance index. The significance different between t...

Putri IASLP. 2016 Handicraft of butterflies and moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Bantimurung Nature Recreation Park and its implications on conservation. Biodiversitas 17: 823-831. The abundance of butterflies in Bantimurung Nature Recreation Park of Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia provides economic benefits to the community through butterfly's handicrafts trading. This study aims to determine local species of commodified butterfly that are traded in various forms of craft and its implications for the conservation of butterflies. The study was conducted through the direct identification of butterfly species which are sold as crafts or deposited directly by the catchers to collectors. Data of commodified butterfly were collected using direct interviews. Data were analyzed by descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The results showed that there are 142 species of butterfly which are traded in the period of 2010-2015. The seller participants on butterfly handicrafts consist of the butterfly catchers, middlemen, craftsmen, stall employee, stall employers, and street vendors. The buyer participants consist of local tourists, tourists from outside district/province, traders from outside district/province, buyers from overseas and scientists or butterfly collectors. The butterfly price range was in between Rp. 500.00-Rp. 150,000.00/head at collectors' level. The butterfly selling prices increased up to Rp. 7,500.00-Rp. 1,000,000.00 when they were processed into various souvenirs forms. Considering that there were so many traded butterfly souvenirs in the market, it raised an impression that there were more butterflies trapped for souvenir than free-living butterfly escaped from the trap. Commodification of butterflies needs to be regulated by setting the butterflies harvesting quota based on population in nature, sex, season and age (especially for female butterfly), accompanied by socializing rules of law, increasing public awareness about the importance of conservation butterflies, and creating new jobs for the people who depend on the butterflies trading.

Utilizing butterflies in souvenirs escalates their exploitation, which occurs even with protected species. Visitors affect both tourism sustainability and butterfly populations. Thus, parks must establish visitor management practices to secure tourism, including butterfly-trading activities to provide social and economic benefits, while still maintaining butterfly populations and environmental sustainability. This research examined the relationships between visitors’ motivations, environmental attitudes (deontological status, legal compliance, and political activism), and preference regarding butterfly souvenirs. Data were collected using an on-site survey of 455 respondents at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in Indonesia and analyzed using factor analysis, correlation, and logistic regression. Results showed that visitors’ motivations were divided into four categories: challenge and freedom, nature appreciation, social relationships, and escape from routine. Visitors showed high deontological status, legal compliance, and political activist attitudes, valued the attributes of butterfly souvenirs highly, and strongly preferred souvenirs with authenticity value. Significant correlations existed among motivation, attitude, and preference for butterfly souvenir attributes. Logistic regression results revealed that with more frequent visits, better souvenir quality, and higher education levels, the possibility of visitors purchasing butterfly souvenirs increased. Prior knowledge regarding regulations prohibiting protected butterfly trading diminished this possibility. This study further discusses how visitors’ sociopsychological information can be used to minimize negative impacts caused by overtourism.

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Butterflies have been prominently recognized as insect group of highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of tourism activities to diversity and population of butterflies at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The research was conducted by comparing the population size of butterflies at low human disturbance secondary forest and recreation area. The population of butterflies was collected using Pollard Walk transect method. Data was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou's evenness index, Simpson dominance index, Margalef species richness index, and Sorensen Similarity index. Mann-Whitney Test was used to test the differences between low human disturbance secondary forest and recreation area. The result showed that tourism activities bring negative impact on the butterfly communities. The value of dominance index on the recreation area was higher than on the low human disturbance secondary forest. The number of species, number of individuals, number of families and the value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef species richness index and Pielou's evenness index on the low human disturbance secondary forest were higher than on the recreation area. Statistical analysis of Mann-Whitney Test showed that butterflies' population on the recreation area and on the low human disturbance secondary forest was statistically significant difference. Based on these findings, it is important to reorganize the recreation area and butterfly conservation management, spread the information about national wildlife protection law, enforce the law, increases the number of butterfly's breeder and increases the public awareness to maintain the sustainability of butterfly population.