<p>One of the objectives in rice breeding is to increase grain yield. The research was to evaluate numbers of hybrid rice genotypes and also to obtain the information about grain yield correlation main, grain yield component from numbers of hybrid rice genotypes and influencial character as selection criteria. The experiment conducted in the second season (MT II) of 2013 at Cilacap, Central Java province and in Malang, East Java province by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The genetic materials used were 18 hybrid rice genotypes and two check varieties namely Hipa8 and Ciherang. The results showed that grain yield had been effected by location, genotypes and both interactions. Hipa8 give yield average 9 t/ha while Ciherang 8.78 t/ha. There were two hybrid rice genotypes have equal yield statitistically with both check varieties. The hybrids were A7/BH25B-1B(9.13 t/ha) and IR58025A/CRS516 (9.15 t/ha). Based on path analysis numbers of empty grain, seed set, plant high and number of productive tillers have direct effect to yield with path coefficient of 0.0437; 0.3114; 0.,1952 and 1.931.These characters could be used as selection criteria.</p>
ABSTRAK Dua pendekatan untuk meningkatan produksi padi dengan varietas unggul baru (VUB) melalui konsep padi tipe baru (PTB) dan eksploitasi heterosis padi hibrida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hasil dan komponen hasil 36 genotipe padi hibrida pada tahap daya hasil pendahuluan di dua lokasi pengujian. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada musim tanam kedua MT (II) Tahun
Padi hibrida F1 dihasilkan dari persilangan antara galur mandul jantan/cytoplasmic male sterile (GMJ/CMS) dan galur pemulih kesuburan (restorer/R). Kalinga dan Gambiaca adalah tipe galur CMS yang berhasil dikembangkan di Indonesia selain tipe Wild Abortive (WA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh tetua betina dengan sumber sitoplasma berbeda terhadap hasil benih padi hibrida pada 30 kombinasi padi hibrida baru. Percobaan dilakukan di BB Padi Subang, Jawa Barat pada MK 2021, menggunakan rancangan faktorial tiga galur CMS disilangkan dengan sepuluh restorer, dimana terdapat sepuluh ulangan untuk CMS dan tiga ulangan untuk restorer. Analisis ragam komponen hasil dan hasil dilakukan terpisah untuk CMS dan restorer mengikuti model linier rancangan faktor tunggal. Rata-rata hasil benih pada CMS GMJ15A tipe Gambiaca (1.03 ton ha-1) setara dengan GMJ12A tipe Wild Abortive (0.85 ton ha-1) dan nyata lebih tinggi dari GMJ14A tipe Kalinga (0.51 ton ha-1), sedangkan restorer terbaik adalah PK90 (1.36 ton ha-1). Tinggi tanaman, jumlah gabah isi per malai, dan tingkat silang alami memiliki korelasi positif dan nyata terhadap hasil benih padi hibrida. Galur CMS tipe sitoplasma Gambiaca dapat menjadi alternatif tetua betina padi hibrida di Indonesia. Kata kunci: pemulih kesuburan, produksi benih, silang alami
At present, the international market prefers to rice with some specific characters such as long slender shape, soft with 22-24% amylose content, a high percentage of head rice, and also aromatic. To fulfill rice with export standard, the farmers who involve have to apply good agricultural practices (GAP). Therefore need a high yielding variety, one of those varieties is hybrid rice variety possessing long slender shape, soft, a high percentage of head rice, and aromatic. Small Farmers, Large Field (SFLF) scheme was assumed précised and local specific for low land rice cultivation. This concept was integrated for farmers with small land holding to increase benefit collectively. The concept also integrated all cultivation system starting from planting up to marketing which was done together by some stakes holders. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify the hybrid rice productivity in large scale, (2) verify and validate the development of hybrid rice technology in small farmer large field’s model, and (3) analyze the preference of farmers to hybrid rice varieties. The research activities consisted of SFLF approach by using hybrid rice varieties with Jarwo Super system in large scale. Adoption survey and preference test for the farmer in term of rice plant performance, quality of grain paddy and rice which was done simultaneously in subak Tajen, Penebel sub-district, Tabanan district, Bali province. Dem-farm was conducted at 50 ha with hybrid rice varieties from ICRR and private company. Average hybrid rice yield is about 7.5 ton/ha to 13.5 ton/ha. The results of participatory varietal selection showed that the yield potential, performance of the plant, tolerance to pest and disease, and quality of grain from hybrid rice varieties had a positive influence on farmers’ preference.
Heterosis in F1-hybrids is very closely related to processes during plant growth. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on some growth characters that supported positive heterosis for yield. The experiment was carried out at KP. Sukamandi on the rainy season in 2016, used a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The material used in this study were four superior hybrid varieties (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, and Hipa East Java 2) and their parents (maintainer and restorer strains). The results showed that the four materials tested had positive heterosis values with an average value of 4.23-25.03% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and yield. Heterobeltiosis values ranged from 2.06% to 13.62% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, and yield. Growth characters that were positively correlated to yield increase were plant height, leaf area in the primordia phase, and weight of 1000 grains. The four hybrid materials tested had similar leaf area per clump in the primordia phase, but only Hipa Jatim 2 still had the highest leaf area in the physiological cooking phase. All four hybrids had better leaf thickness characteristics than their parents. F1 average showed increased number of grain per panicle compared to the two parents, especially in Hipa 18 and Hipa 19, which had a higher weight per 1000 grains than the two parents. ABSTRAKHeterosis pada F1-hibrida sangat berkaitan erat dengan proses-proses selama pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkaninformasibeberapa karakter pertumbuhan yang mendukung heterosis positif terhadap hasil. Percobaan dilaksanakan di KP. Sukamandi pada musim hujan 2016, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah empat varietas unggul hibrida (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, dan Hipa Jatim 2) dan tetuanya (galur maintainer dan restorer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat materi yang diuji mempunyai nilai heterosis positif dengan nilai rata-rata 4,23-25,03% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, bobot 1000 butir, dan hasil. Nilai heterobeltiosis berkisar antara 2,06% sampai 13,62% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, dan hasil. Karakter-karakter pertumbuhan yang berkorelasi positif terhadap peningkatan hasil yaitu tinggi tanaman, luas daun pada fase primordia, dan bobot 1000 butir. Keempat materi hibrida yang diuji mempunyai luas daun per rumpun yang setara pada fase primordia, namun hanya Hipa Jatim 2 yang masih mempunyai luas daun tertinggi pada fase masak fisiologis,. Keempatnya mempunyai karakter ketebalan daun yang lebih baik dibanding tetuanya. Rata-rata F1 menunjukkan perbaikan jumlah gabah per malai dibanding kedua tetuanya, terlebih pada Hipa 18 dan Hipa 19 yang juga mempunyai bobot 1000 butir lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua tetuanya.
Bacterial leaf blights (BLB) is one of a major problem in hybrid rice cultivation cause yield losses from 15 to 80%. The disease is caused by the bacterium of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). To overcome this problem, improvement of hybrid rice parental lines have been conducted since 2010 in the Indonesian Center for Rice Research. There were two activities conducted in the research i.e. evaluation of some improved parental lines resistance to BLB and evaluation of their F1 hybrid for yield and agronomic traits during the dry season of 2015 in a field station. Results showed that several Restorer lines were resistant to BLB. The restorer lines CRS850, CRS851, CRS882, 890, and CRS982 have been identified as resistant lines in early tillering and booting stages to both Xoo IV and VIII races. Those Restorer lines are the potential to use as parental lines to develop new hybrid varieties possessing resistance to BLB. The best F1 hybrids with resistance to BLB was GMJ7/CRS850 that showed resistance in early tillering and booting stages to both Xoo IV and VIII races. GMJ12/CRS890 hybrid showed the best performance and yielded higher than that of the check variety.
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