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Grain yield of rice is determined by genotype (G), environment (E), and interaction between genotype x environment (G x E). Variety can achieve its maximum yield potential if it is grown in suitable environments. This study was aimed to determine the adaptability and the yield stability of rice genotypes grown in different environments. Sixteen rice genotypes were tested using RBD in 16 sites during the wet season of 2010/2011, and dry season of 2011. The tested rice lines were developed for resistance to pest and diseases. The experiment unit was 4 m x 5 m of plot, plants were fertilized with urea, SP36, and KCl at rates of 250 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, and 100 kg/ha, respectively. Variable observed was grain yield per plot. Combined analyses of variance showed that there was no lines yielded higher than did check variety Conde. The AMMI analysis showed that the largest variation was contributed by the environment factors (76.49%), genotype x environment interactions (17.55%), and the smallest was contributed by the genotypes (5.97%). Data exploration using boxplot method indicated that the low contribution of the genotype x environment interaction variance in this study was due to the high degree of similarity of yield potentials among the genotypes, and due to high similarity of environmental conditions of the sites.Based on the analysis of AMMI 2, lines B12743 - MR-18-2-3-8, IPB107-F-82-2-1, and Conde was each classified as widely adapted genotypes, while G8, IPB107-F-27-6-1, and BIO111-2-BC-PIR-3714, each was considered as genotype having a specific adaptation.

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Grain yield was influenced by genotype, environment and, genotype x environment interaction, so the maximum potential of rice will appear when planted in a suitable environment. The study aims to estimate grain yield stability of 20 genotypes of rice in dry season of 2014 in three locations. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The average grain yield of the three locations ranged from 5.60 to 7.89 ton/ha. Based on the combined analysis of variance, the interaction between the genotype x environment was significant. Six lines have grain yield were not significantly different fromCiherang, which were BP5168F-KN-16-3, BP4114-7f-Kn-22-2-KLT-2*B-SKI- 1*B, BP5168f-kn-16-3-KLT-2*B-SKI-1*B, BP11282f-Kn-4-3-KLT-2*B, BP5478-1f-Kn-19-1-2-KLT-2*B-SKI-1*B, and HHZ12-SAL2-Y3-Y1. Only OBS 8412 which has grain yield higher than Ciherang. Based on the coefficient of regression and coefficient of variability, HHZ12-SAL2-Y3-Y1 and OBS 8412 were stable and have general adaptability in Cilacap, Sukabumi, and Kebumen. BP12244-20-3-1-3 and HHZ12-SAL8-Y1-Y2 were specifically adapted in the low yielding environment. BP5480-3f-Kn-4-1-KLT-2*B, Ciherang, and INPARI 32 HDB were specifically adapted in high yielding environment.

<p>High acceptance of farmer to variety with have similar to IR64 type has led to almost all new varieties always be assessed based on their degree of similarity with IR64. Closely relations between elite upland varieties may contribute to the stagnation of yield potential and also give the impact un-durable of the resistance to pest and diseases. The aim of this study was to elucidate the morphology similarity kinship characters of elite rice varieties which were released from 1980 to 2011. The study was conducted in September–January 2012 in Indonesian Center for Rice Research field experiment. The material consisted of 46 rice varieties representing the released varieties from 1980–2011. The material was grown in 2 m × 5 m of plot size with 3 replications. Observations were conducted on qualitative and quantitative characters based on UPOV descriptors. Data were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis. Principal component analysis revealed 40 components with 79,86% of cumulative variation that was used to determine the genetic relationship by cluster analysis. Based on the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, irrigated rice varieties released before and in 2000 and after 2008 (Inpari group) tend to be one big group and have a high phenotypic similarity. While the upland rice varieties tend to spread or were grouped in small groups. This high similarity suggested that the irrigated rice varieties have a close genetic relationship, which is derived from Ciherang or IR64.</p>

Weather phenomenon and erratic rainfall are some of the symptoms of global climate change. These challenges attempt to increase rice production in tidal swamps or submerge land in the long term. An effort to form tolerant rice varieties to stress in tidal swampland has been carried out through crossing between superior varieties and local rice. This study aims to analyze the results of several promising rice lines and search for the potential rice lines to be released as new tidal swampland varieties. The experiment was carried out in tidal swamp rice area centers, in Karang Agung, South Sumatra, Balandean, South Kalimantan and in Indramayu, West Java Indonesia. Fourteen rice lines and four check varieties namely IR42, IR64, Inpara 8 and Inpara 9 were used. Field experiments used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Results showed that the environment, genotype, and interaction between environmental genotypes had a significant influence on all characters. The appearances of the lines were superior in Karang Agung and less well on Balandean. The yield was positively correlated with plant height, the number of productive tillers and filled grains per panicle. There were five lines with a high yield equivalent to the best check varieties, namely Inpara 9, IR 102860-8: 66-BB, IR 102860-8: 42-BB, IR 101465-8: 23, IR 101465-5: 25, and B13522E-KA-5-B.

Consumption of high nutritional is increasing; therefore, it is necessary to develop pigmented trice variety with high yield, good adaptability, and good grain quality favored by consumer such as soft texture. The development of aromatic rice variety includes crossbreeding, selection, yield trials, resistance test to pest and diseases, physico-chemical properties assay, analyzing of minerals contents and anthocyanin which were done consecutively during 2012 to 2016. The results showed that a promising line of BH39D-MR-11-1-1-6 revealed consistent grain yield in 16 multi-location yield trials both in the dry season and the wet season in average 6.78 t/ha dan 5.35 t/ha, respectively. The line demonstrated its yield potential of 10,67 t/ha, mid-resistance to biotype 1 of brown planthopper, resistance to pathotype III and mid-resistance to pathotype IV and VIII of bacterial leaf blight, and mid-resistance to four races of rice blast (race of 033, 073, 133 and 173). This line had relatively comparable iron content with the check variety of Inpari-5 Merawu but higher in zinc content compared to other lines tested. The dehulled rice was red and contains a high total phenolic compound amounting (5,743 mg AAE/100 g), and its texture was soft and fragrance. The BH39D-MR-11-1-1-6 has been released as new rice variety named as Inpari Arumba and had a great potential to become a national specialty rice choice.

<p>Iron toxicity affects the growth and yield of rice plant. Overcoming the damage of rice production by iron toxicity requires furthermore researches from laboratory to field levels. Here, we study responses of rice genotypes to iron toxicity between vegetative stage in hydroponic and whole grow stages in the pot. The first experiment was hydroponic experiment using twelve rice genotypes which were growth in the Yoshida Solution with addition of 0.2 % of agar. Three level of iron was given at 0, 500 and 700 ppm. The second experiment was the pot experiment using alluvial soil added with 3.000 ppm of ferrous combine with four levels of potassium and the control on Cilamaya Muncul (tolerant), Inpara 8 (moderate tolerant) and IR 64 (susceptible). In hydroponic experiment, even though the symptom appeared obviously, the leaf bronzing score (LBS) of tolerant and sensitive genotypes were not different. Physiological traits were significantly affected by Fe treatment in all varieties. Then symptom and physiological traits were significantly correlated. Through the pot experiment, it was confirmed the tolerance of each varieties. However, we couldn’t see the correlation between the LBS on hydroponic and soil at this time. And the heading delay was new finding, but it depended on varieties. We also could see the possibility of potassium application to inhibit iron toxicity but still we need to explore how it works. <br />Kata kunci: iron toxicity, rice, hydroponic, soil</p>