The reaction sequence in the formation of Pb(Zro.aTio.4)03 (PZT 60/40) was investigated as a function of PbO and ZrOt raw material variations, using powder X-ray diffraction. Particular emphasis was placed on the final stages of reaction in the formation of PZT solid solution. Based on the present work, a more detailed reaction sequence is being proposed for Pb(Zr0,6Ti0.4)03 and similar compositions. This reaction sequence is believed to account for many of the apparent discrepancies which have appeared in the literature.
Metabolic analysis with high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) enables simultaneous investigation of numerous chemical species in response to biochemical changes in subjects. When the analysis involves comparing two or more NMR spectra, it is essential to properly align them because small variations across different spectra influence the alignment and thus, interfere with direct comparisons between samples. We propose a new alignment method within the Bayesian modeling framework. The proposed method allows us to estimate the amplitude and phase shifts simultaneously and to obtain robust results in the existence of noise. Effectiveness of our proposed method is demonstrated through real NMR spectra in human plasma and a comparison study with dynamic time warping and correlated optimized warping, two widely used alignment methods in spectral data.
This study presents a novel approach to assess the perception of auditory Absolute threshold (ATTh) in healthy individuals exposed to noise and solvents in their occupational environment using machine learning approaches. 396 subjects with no known history of auditory pathology were chosen from three groups, namely, employees from Chemical Industries (CI), Fabrication Industries (FI), and professional Basketball Players (BP), with each category having 132 subjects. Absolute Threshold Test (ATT) was developed using MATLAB and the experiment was conducted in a silent, noise-free environment. ATTh was obtained twice, during the commencement and conclusion of the employees' workshift in CI and FI. For BP, ATTh was obtained before and after their basketball training sessions and was used as features for binary SVM classification approach, in which the RBF kernel-based technique was found to provide maximum accuracy as compared to linear and quadratic approach. For three-class classification, MLP neural network with Levenberg-Marquardt training function in the hidden layer and Mean Square Error function in the output layer was found to be optimal along with k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach using Radial Basis Kernel Function (RBF), in which, an accuracy of 81.06% was observed in kNN approach and 92.4% using MLP neural network approach, whereas SVM yielded an accuracy of 93.94% in the classification of the subjects into CI, FI and BP, showing that the SVM outperformed kNN and MLP neural network for healthy subjects based on their occupational exposure/professional sports training. Such machine learning approaches could further be probed into, to improve the accuracy of classification. Also, such techniques can help in real-time classification of subjects based on their occupational exposure so as to predict and prevent plausible permanent hearing dysfunction due to occupational exposure as well as to aid in sports rehabilitation and training programs to assess the auditory perceptive abilities of the individuals.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to rapidly and nondestructively characterize ion-plated SiO, and Ta,O, films on glass substrates as a function of temperature. The analysis provided the density (as a function of depth) and optical properties of the films. The SiO, film had a higher refractive index than is typical for thermally grown SO,. This was attributed to compaction of the film during the deposition process. Similarly, the ion-plated Ta,O, film had the high refractive index characteristic of a high-density film. The films were not affected strongly by temperature during heating >lOO°C.
Grain size is important in the barium titanate ceramics used as capacitors and thermistors.Normally this is controlled by chemical additives and firing schedules, but growth twins also lead to increased grain size. Seeding experiments described in this paper demonstrate how the twins can be used to produce large-grained BaTiO, ceramics.
A new type of harrier layer capacitor is described utilizing thin glass layers on highly conducting ceramics of barium plumbate and barium bismuth plumhate. The frequency dispersion of the apparent dielectric constant has been explained using a modified version of the Maxwell-Wagner model. These capacitors have a low temperature coefficient of capacitance and a high dispersion frequency in the megahertz range. Simple processing conditions together with low firing temperature make it possible to produce the barrier layer capacitors inexpensively.
Recent development in network visual communications has emphasized on the need of objective, reliable and easy-to-use video quality assessment (VQA) systems. This paper introduces a novel idea of quality-aware video (QAV), in which extracted features about the original video sequence are invisibly embedded into the same video data. When such a QAV sequence is distributed over an error-prone network, a network user who receives it can decode the hidden messages and use them to evaluate the quality degradations between the original and the received video sequences. Our first implementation of QAV employs 1) a novel reduced-reference VQA method based on a statistical model of natural video, and 2) a 3D discrete cosine transform-based data hiding algorithm. The proposed approach does not assume any prior knowledge about image distortions, and the simulation results demonstrate its potentials to be generalized for different types and degrees of image distortions.Index Terms-video quality assessment, quality aware video, reduced reference, data hiding, natural video statistics
Aim: Cefpirome (CFP) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms determination by spectrophotometer; two very sensitive techniques have been developed. Materials and Methods: By mixing alkaline β-Naphthol (2-NPL) with diazotized cefpirome drug, we get the pink colour at λ max 544 nm in procedure I. Drug undergoes oxidation by ferric ion followed by complex formation with 2,2'bipyridine (2,2'BPD) to obtain a blood red colour at λ max 520 nm in procedure II. Under ideal conditions, the goal is to maximize the efficiency of procedure I and II. Results: Concentrations of 0.3-3.0 and 0.5-5.0 µg/ml are used in procedures I and II, respectively, where Beer's rule of molar absorptivity of 1.837 × 10 5 and 1.470 × 10 5 is followed. It is possible to calculate three different concentrations of RSD as well as RE (relative error). Conclusion: It was found that the novel procedures may be used to a wide variety of pharmaceutical formulations, and they are simple, consistent, economical, fast and highly reproducible.
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