Reaction Sequence in the Formation of Lead Zirconate‐Lead Titanate Solid Solution: Role of Raw Materials

Abstract

The reaction sequence in the formation of Pb(Zro.aTio.4)03 (PZT 60/40) was investigated as a function of PbO and ZrOt raw material variations, using powder X-ray diffraction. Particular emphasis was placed on the final stages of reaction in the formation of PZT solid solution. Based on the present work, a more detailed reaction sequence is being proposed for Pb(Zr0,6Ti0.4)03 and similar compositions. This reaction sequence is believed to account for many of the apparent discrepancies which have appeared in the literature.

The effect of calcining temperature on the properties of 0-3 piezoelectric composites of PZT and a liquid crystalline thermosetting polymer

“…The XRD results indicate that in the as received powder a bimodal distribution of Ti rich tetragonal phases and Zr rich rhombohedral phases are present, which is not uncommon for powders prepared by the mixed oxide process [16,17]. The as received PZT powder is a powder optimised for sintering PZT ceramics, as are most commercially available powders.…”

“…With the increasing of the calcining temperature, the PbTiO 3 phase disappears and the powder contains a bimodal distribution of both rhombohedral and tetragonal PbZr 1-x Ti x O 3 phases, corresponding to Zr rich and Ti rich fractions [16]. With increasing calcining temperature, this mixture of phase fractions will form a more and more homogeneous solid solution, with a Zr/Ti ratio equal to that of the starting oxide powders.…”

“…1) and the powders which were calcined at 900°C to 1050°C exhibits three peaks between 43°and 46°, corresponding to multiple phase distributions with varying Zr/Ti ratios as both rhombohedral and tetragonal phases are present in these powders [16,17]. Also, in the as received powder only, a small peak at 46.45°, corresponding to the 200 reflection of tetragonal PbTiO 3 phase, is present.…”

“…The Ti content in the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases was calculated from XRD results by the technique outlined in [16]. The average Ti content (x) in both tetragonal and rhombohedral phases was estimated by comparing with the calculated lattice constants of Pb(Zr 1-x Ti x )O 3 material, to the average lattice constants derived from the XRD measurements, using the 002 and 200 tetragonal reflections and the 200 rhombohedral reflection (Fig.…”

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Piezoelectric PLZT Powder [Translated]^†

“…3 shows the XRD patterns obtained after heat treatment of mixed powder and MC powders at 773 K and 1073 K for 1 h. Treatment of the mixed powder at 773 K yielded no major XRD pattern change, but after treatment at 1073 K there was a mixture of a perovskite phase, PbTiO 3 phase, and pyrochlore phase. It is known that generally thermal synthesis yields PbTiO 3 , perovskite, and pyrochlore phases partway through the process, [12,13] and the abovedescribed results suggest the occurrence of the reactions typical to conventional thermal synthesis. But heat treatment of MC 3.6-ks powder at 773 K sharpened the peaks that were broad before heat treatment, and the diffraction pattern assumed a form close to that of the starting powder.…”