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A 9-year-old, 1.7 kg, pet lionhead rabbit presented with a 2-day history of weakness, anorexia, and diarrhea. On clinical examination, the left testicle was homogeneously and markedly enlarged. Moderate abdominal distension was observed, and an abdominal mass, painful at palpation, was detected. Based on clinical examination, a presumptive diagnosis of primary testicular neoplasia with abdominal lymph nodal metastasis was made. Blood samples were collected, and complete blood count and chemistry panel (urea, creatinine, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium, and chloride) were performed. Hematologic and biochemical analyses were within normal limits for the species, with the only exception of the hematocrit value (HCT = 51%). Based on clinical signs and laboratory results, the rabbit was considered slightly dehydrated. The initial treatment included fluids (intravenous of ringer lactate a 10 mg/kg/hr for 24 hr), nutritional support with critical care oxbow b (oral administration of 50 ml every 6 hr), antiemetic therapy (metoclopramide c 0.5 mg/kg subcutaneous administration every 12 hr), and analgesic therapy with tramadol d (2 mg/kg subcutaneous injections every 12 hr) and meloxicam e (0.1 mg/kg oral administration every 24 hr). Because the abdominal mass was painful and caused marked discomfort, the owners elicited for surgery.A detailed total body evaluation with spiral computed tomography (CT) was performed just before surgery. The pet rabbit was premedicated with glycopyrrolate f (0.05 mg/kg) and butorphanol g (0.3 mg/kg) subcutaneously, followed 20 min later by intravenous administration of propofol h (5 mg/kg) and midazolam i (0.25 mg/kg). The rabbit was then intubated, and anesthesia was maintained with 1% or 2% of isoflurane.j Spiral computed tomography k revealed the presence of a large, homogeneous, well-defined abdominal lobulated mass in close proximity to both iliac arteries and veins and ureters. After intravenous administration of nonionic iodinated contrast medium at a dose of 600 mg iodine/kg l the mass showed low and heterogeneous uptake (Fig. 1). A diagnosis of sublumbar lymph nodes enlargement was made. Abstract. In the present study, a case of a spontaneously metastasizing seminoma in 9-year-old pet lionhead rabbit is described. The rabbit was presented with unilateral testicular enlargement and a palpable abdominal mass. Spiral computed tomography revealed the presence of an abdominal-pelvic mass in the region of the sublumbar lymph nodes. Testes and lymph nodes were collected, fixed in formalin, and submitted for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the normal architecture of the enlarged testis and lymph node was completely replaced by a diffuse malignant seminoma.Key words: Metastases; rabbits; seminoma; testes.

In most mammals, the sex of an individual is genetically determined by the Y chromosome-specific SRY gene. The presence of at least one functional copy of this gene determines the development of the primordial gonads into testes. However, testicular tissue does develop in the absence of SRY, albeit rarely, which is the case in testicular XX (SRY-negative) disorder of sex development (DSD). This condition is very important for studying the process of sexual determination because it allows the identification of genetic factors that are able to promote the male developmental pathway in the absence of SRY and thereby enables a better understanding of this process. Until now, this condition has been identified in various animal species but has never been reported in cat. In this study, we describe the first case of an XX (SRY-negative) DSD cat. The cat possesses a tortoiseshell coat associated with male-like external genitalia, including normal scrotum with 2 palpably normal testicles. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of the testes, and cytogenetic and genetic analyses showed a female karyotype associated with the absence of the SRY gene. Finally, sequencing of the RSPO1 gene revealed no mutation, and FISH analysis of the SOX9 locus did not reveal any large abnormalities.

Canine cutaneous round cell tumors (RCT) represent one of the routine diagnostic challenges for veterinary pathologists. Computer-aided approaches are developed to overcome these restrictions and to increase accuracy and consistency of diagnosis. These systems are also of high benefit reducing errors when a large number of cases are screened daily. In this study we describe ARCTA (Automated Round Cell Tumors Assessment), a fully automated algorithm for cutaneous RCT classification and mast cell tumors grading in canine histopathological images. ARCTA employs a deep learning strategy and was developed on 416 RCT images and 213 mast cell tumors images. In the test set, our algorithm exhibited an excellent classification performance in both RCT classification (accuracy: 91.66%) and mast cell tumors grading (accuracy: 100%). Misdiagnoses were encountered for histiocytomas in the train set and for melanomas in the test set. For mast cell tumors the reduction of a grade was observed in the train set, but not in the test set. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed model is the first fully automated algorithm in histological images specifically developed for veterinary medicine. Being very fast (average computational time 2.63 s), this algorithm paves the way for an automated and effective evaluation of canine tumors.