Canine aural cholesteatoma: A histological and immunohistochemical study

Banco, Barbara; Grieco, Valeria; Giancamillo, M. Di; Greci, Valentina; Travetti, O.; Martino, Patrizia; Mortellaro, C. M.; Giudice, Chiara

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.03.018

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Aural cholesteatoma is an epidermoid cyst that develops in the middle ear and is composed of keratin debris surrounded by keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium . It has been colloquially described as “skin growing in the wrong place” . The misplaced keratinizing epithelium constantly sheds keratin debris, resulting in gradual enlargement of the cyst and the eventual destruction of the adjacent tissue due to increasing pressure and osteoclastic bone resorption activated by inflammatory chemokines .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, early diagnosis of cholesteatoma depends on its identification with otoscopic examination . In veterinary medicine, otoscopy is used to diagnose the condition, although definitive diagnosis requires histopathological examination . Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are considered to be reliable methods for evaluating the middle ear and demonstrating middle ear‐related lesions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of the authors’ knowledge, 15 reports (covering a total of 70 cases) of canine cholesteatoma have been published . Reports in which the diagnosis of cholesteatoma was confirmed by histopathological evaluation in combination with CT and MR imaging are limited .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] It has been colloquially described as "skin growing in the wrong place". [4][5][6] The misplaced keratinizing epithelium constantly sheds keratin debris, resulting in gradual enlargement of the cyst and the eventual destruction of the adjacent tissue due to increasing pressure and osteoclastic bone resorption activated by inflammatory chemokines. 7 In dogs, cholesteatoma is regarded as a severe complication of otitis media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical analysis and nonsurgical management of 11 dogs with aural cholesteatoma

Imai¹,

Kondo

Suganuma³

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background Aural cholesteatomas, also called tympanokeratomas, are destructive and expansile growths of keratinizing epithelium that develop in the middle ear. They have been reported sporadically in dogs, and surgery is usually the recommended treatment. Objectives To describe the common clinical, radiological and histological findings of cholesteatoma; to report on the outcome of conservative management. Animals Eleven dogs (13 ears) with cholesteatomas. Methods and materials Medical records were reviewed for dogs diagnosed with cholesteatoma between 2012 and 2018. All dogs had computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by trans‐canal endoscopic procedure (TEP) for removal and biopsy of middle ear lesions. Dogs were then treated with in‐clinic flushing initially weekly tapered to monthly, as well as at‐home ear cleaning and application of topical otic steroid medication, initially daily then tapered to once or twice weekly. Results Nine dogs had a history of chronic otitis externa; head tilt or facial paralysis was present in seven and four cases, respectively. Otic examination identified a protruding nodule in seven ears. CT demonstrated soft tissue‐like material in 12 bullae and expansion in seven bullae. MRI revealed minimally contrast‐enhancing bulla contents in 12 ears. Post‐TEP and with maintenance medical treatment, nine ears had no further signs of middle ear disease during a mean follow‐up of 27.9 months. Conclusions and clinical importance The results suggest that otitis externa may not necessarily precede cholesteatoma in all dogs. MRI appears to be more sensitive than CT for identifying cholesteatomas. Conservative treatment of cholesteatomas could be useful before or as an alternative to surgery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clinical analysis and nonsurgical management of 11 dogs with aural cholesteatoma

Imai¹,

Kondo

Suganuma³

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…Cholesteatoma is an epidermal cyst occurring in the middle ear (14,15), which consists of three layers: perimatrix, matrix, and cystic content. Matrix is composed of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intercellular Communication between Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts Induces Local Osteoclast Differentiation: a Mechanism Underlying Cholesteatoma-Induced Bone Destruction

Iwamoto

Nishikawa

Imai

et al. 2016

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Bone homeostasis is maintained by a balance in activity between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Shifting the balance toward bone resorption causes osteolytic bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Osteoclast differentiation is regulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor B ligand (RANKL), which, under some pathological conditions, is produced by T and B lymphocytes and synoviocytes. However, the mechanism underlying bone destruction in other diseases is little understood. Bone destruction caused by cholesteatoma, an epidermal cyst in the middle ear resulting from hyperproliferation of keratinizing squamous epithelium, can lead to lethal complications. In this study, we succeeded in generating a model for cholesteatoma, epidermal cyst-like tissue, which has the potential for inducing osteoclastogenesis in mice. Furthermore, an in vitro coculture system composed of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and osteoclast precursors was used to demonstrate that keratinocytes stimulate osteoclast differentiation through the induction of RANKL in fibroblasts. Thus, this study demonstrates that intercellular communication between keratinocytes and fibroblasts is involved in the differentiation and function of osteoclasts, which may provide the molecular basis of a new therapeutic strategy for cholesteatoma-induced bone destruction. Bone is a highly dynamic organ in which homeostasis is maintained by a balance in activity between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. An imbalance between osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity causes various skeletal disorders. Osteoclasts are multinucleate cells that differentiate from mononuclear macrophage/monocyte-lineage hematopoietic precursor cells, which are attracted to the bloodstream by factors, including sphingsine-1 phosphate (1, 2). Osteoclast differentiation and function are regulated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor B ligand (RANKL) (3-5). Under physiological conditions, osteoblasts or osteocytes are the source of RANKL (6-8). RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis also plays an important role in bone destruction in inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or periodontal diseases. In such pathological states, synoviocytes or immune cells, such as B or T lymphocytes, infiltrating into the area are proposed to be the major sources of RANKL (9-11). In RA, infiltration of T helper 17 (Th17) cells is observed in the synovium. Th17 cells indirectly induce RANKL expression in synoviocytes by producing interleukin-17 (IL-17) (12), and Th17 cells themselves express RANKL on their plasma membrane (13). Thus, in many bone destructive diseases, the mechanisms of bone destruction are becoming clarified in detail. However, there are still certain bone destructive diseases whose underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Cholesteatoma, a benign entity arising in temporal bone, is one such disease where our understanding is limited.Cholesteatoma is an epid...

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