Background
Aural cholesteatomas, also called tympanokeratomas, are destructive and expansile growths of keratinizing epithelium that develop in the middle ear. They have been reported sporadically in dogs, and surgery is usually the recommended treatment.
Objectives
To describe the common clinical, radiological and histological findings of cholesteatoma; to report on the outcome of conservative management.
Animals
Eleven dogs (13 ears) with cholesteatomas.
Methods and materials
Medical records were reviewed for dogs diagnosed with cholesteatoma between 2012 and 2018. All dogs had computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by trans‐canal endoscopic procedure (TEP) for removal and biopsy of middle ear lesions. Dogs were then treated with in‐clinic flushing initially weekly tapered to monthly, as well as at‐home ear cleaning and application of topical otic steroid medication, initially daily then tapered to once or twice weekly.
Results
Nine dogs had a history of chronic otitis externa; head tilt or facial paralysis was present in seven and four cases, respectively. Otic examination identified a protruding nodule in seven ears. CT demonstrated soft tissue‐like material in 12 bullae and expansion in seven bullae. MRI revealed minimally contrast‐enhancing bulla contents in 12 ears. Post‐TEP and with maintenance medical treatment, nine ears had no further signs of middle ear disease during a mean follow‐up of 27.9 months.
Conclusions and clinical importance
The results suggest that otitis externa may not necessarily precede cholesteatoma in all dogs. MRI appears to be more sensitive than CT for identifying cholesteatomas. Conservative treatment of cholesteatomas could be useful before or as an alternative to surgery.
Persistent papillomatosis on footpads related to canine papillomavirus type 2 (CPV-2)
infection has been described in dogs with immunocompromised condition. A 9-year-old, male
French bulldog was presented with cauliflower-like nodules on the footpads of his left
front leg. Histopathological examination revealed multiple finger-like projections of
squamous epithelium with intranuclear inclusion bodies. Immunohistochemistry using an
anti-bovine papillomavirus antibody demonstrated immunostaining in the keratinocytes.
Partial genome DNA of CPV-2 was amplified from the lesion. Full genome sequence of CPV-2
in the subject showed 99.95% nucleotide identity with that of CPV-2 from the reference
data. Two weeks after a biopsy, the skin lesion spontaneously regressed without any
specific treatment. In non-immunocompromised dogs, CPV-2-related footpad papillomatosis
could spontaneously resolve after a biopsy.
Background
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease histologically characterized by naked granulomas in various mammals. Canine sarcoidosis is a rare disease which can cause nonpruritic papule, plaques and nodules on the trunk, neck, face and ear; it is usually treated with corticosteroids. To date, there are no published reports on alternatives to corticosteroids treatment.
Objectives
To report a case of canine cutaneous sarcoidosis successfully treated with oral ciclosporin.
Animal
An 11‐year‐old beagle dog was presented with multiple pleomorphic plaques on the lateral thighs and dorsal trunk.
Methods and materials
Skin punch biopsy specimen were collected and analysed via routine histological examination and immunohistochemistry. After 14 weeks of oral ciclosporin treatment, repeat skin biopsy specimens were collected.
Results
Histopathological examination revealed noncaseating epithelioid cell granuloma formation in the dermis. Dermal epithelioid cells were positive for CD18 and Iba1, but not for CD3, CD20 and E‐cadherin based on immunohistochemistry findings. Acid‐fast bacteria, fungi and Leishmania spp. were not detected by special stains, culture or polymerase chain reaction. An initial two week treatment with immunosuppressive doses of oral prednisolone and doxycycline was not effective. Skin lesions were almost in remission after 14 weeks of oral ciclosporin treatment without adverse events. Histologically, the dermal granulomatous lesions regressed and were replaced by fibrous tissues after ciclosporin treatment.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
This case report describes the clinical and histopathological presentation including immunohistochemistry and treatment outcome of a case of canine sarcoidosis Ciclosporin may be an effective alternative to corticosteroids for treating canine sarcoidosis.
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