Citrus fruit and in particular flavonoid compounds from citrus peel have been identified as agents with utility in the treatment of cancer. This review provides a background and overview regarding the compounds found within citrus peel with putative anticancer potential as well as the associated in vitro and in vivo studies. Historical studies have identified a number of cellular processes that can be modulated by citrus peel flavonoids including cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis. More recently, molecular studies have started to elucidate the underlying cell signaling pathways that are responsible for the flavonoids’ mechanism of action. These growing data support further research into the chemopreventative potential of citrus peel extracts, and purified flavonoids in particular. This critical review highlights new research in the field and synthesizes the pathways modulated by flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds into a generalized schema.

Summary The paper focuses on the chemical, antioxidant, functional and thermal properties of rice bran proteins after yeast, natural fermentations and unfermented rice bran. Protein content of yeast‐fermented rice bran protein concentrate (YFRBPC), naturally fermented rice bran protein concentrate (NFRBPC) and unfermented rice protein concentrate (UFRBPC) were 72.50%, 68.92% and 65.73%, respectively, while ash content were 4.72%, 4.61% and 3.04%, respectively. The total amino acids of YFRBPC, NFRBPC and UFRBPC were 123.16, 118.45 and 99.39, respectively. DPPH radical inhibition of YFRBPC, NFRBPC and UFRBPC were 58.62%, 55.29% and 47.14%, respectively, while ferric reducing ability power were 0.73, 0.58 and 0.41 mmol TE per gram, respectively. The highest foam capacity of UFRBPC (57.56%), NFRBPC (64.15%) and YFRBPC (76.00%) was observed at pH 9.0. YFRBPC and NFRBPC were lighter in colour than UFRBPC. YFRBPC had higher denaturation temperature and enthalpy value than NFRBPC and UFRBPC. The β‐sheets structures were more in YFRBPC and NFRBPC than UNFBPC.

This study provides information on vitamin E content of different rice varieties that would be beneficial for decision making in genetic breeding of bioactive compound-rich rice varieties.

The effect of substituting wheat flour with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% protein concentrates from natural and yeast fermented rice bran on the rheological properties of their dough and bread properties was studied. Rheological properties of wheat dough were influenced by addition of rice bran protein concentrates. Overall acceptability score and specific loaf volume of 100% wheat bread were not significantly different from composite bread up to 10% rice bran protein substitution, and therefore, the optimised level of substitution was established. The optimised composite bread contained higher total amino acid content, radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing ability power (43.04-48.87 g/100 g, 182.77-201.65 mmol TEAC/100 g and 613.29-637.81 mmol TE/100 g) than control (33.86 g/100 g, 109.43 mmol TEAC/100 g and 540.13 mmol TE/100 g). Springiness, cohesiveness and resilience values of wheat bread were not significantly different from composite bread. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that composite bread had surfaces with embedded granules like protein deposits with small spores.

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