Tarnagda et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2017 Évaluation des pratiques agricoles des légumes feuilles : le cas des utilisations des pesticides et des intrants chimiques sur les sites maraîchers de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. 11658Journal of Applied Biosciences 117: 11658-11668 ISSN 1997-5902 Évaluation des pratiques agricoles des légumes feuilles : le cas des utilisations des pesticides et des intrants chimiques sur les sites maraîchers de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The very poor management and use of pesticides found at these sites could pose a threat to the maintenance of biodiversity, the productivity of natural ecosystems and the health of producers and consumers. The research challenge would be to determine the current level of contamination of leafy vegetables and dam water. That of the State would be the initiation of producer awareness programs in relation to a more rigorous management of pesticides.
Pesticides and heavy metals are persistent organic pollutants responsible for immune deficiency, certain types of cancer, and decreased length of pregnancy.In this study, 20 chemical pesticides and 4 heavy metals were detected from 120 samples of 4 types of vegetables and 40 samples of babenda collected from Ouagadougou principal markets. The "babenda" is a Burkinabe dish made mainly of leafy vegetables (Hibiscus sabdariffa, Amaranthus hybridus, and Cleome gynandra) coarsely chopped and millet or rice that was boiled together.A multi-residue method was developed to detect the pesticides in the samples collected by gas chromatography, with micro electron capture detector. The concentration of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic were obtained from the 120 vegetables samples by using an atomic absorption spectrometer. Residues of pesticides were detected in 87% of the samples, and among the positive samples, 58.40% contained concentrations higher than the limit of maximum residue (LMR). Thirteen active pesticide residues were detected in the vegetables. The contents of the majority of pesticides residues were higher than the LMR. Seven active ingredients were detected in the babenda. 50% of the samples had more than one pesticide residue. The heavy metal concentrations ranged from 0.0098 to 2.66 mg.kg -1 for Hg; 0.01 to 1.146 mg.kg -1 for Pb; 0.016 to 1.72 mg.kg -1 for Cd and 0.012 to 1.885 mg.kg -1 for As. The relative abundance of heavy metals in the vegetables followed the sequence Cd (0.018 mg.kg -1) > Pb (0.016 mg.kg -1) > As (0.012 mg.kg -1) > Hg (0.0098 mg.kg -1). In addition, the concentration of heavy metals in the samples collected from the different markets exceeded the threshold according to the lawful maximum concentration (CMR) established in France. The continuous follow-up and a strict regulation of these pollutants in the vegetables particularly, are necessary.
<abstract> <p>Vegetable oils are among the foodstuffs produced and consumed in abundance by the population in Burkina Faso. These edible oils are nutrient sources for health. However, the oxidation of edible oils is a phenomenon that leads to their degradation. Hence, the objectives of this study were to determine the antioxidants compounds, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of vegetable oils produced in Burkina Faso and to propose good manufacturing practices. Thus, 32 samples of crude peanut oils and refined cottonseed oils were analyzed. α-Tocopherol was determined by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), total phenolic compounds and DPPH by spectrophotometry. The α-tocopherol averages are 10.89 and 56.44 mg/100 g for peanut oils and cottonseed oils, respectively (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05). For total phenolic compounds, the averages are 2.91 and 0.64 mg/100 g of gallic acid equivalent for peanut oils and cottonseed oils, respectively (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05). The inhibition percentages are respectively 17.97% and 5.58% (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05) for peanut oils and cottonseed oils. For antioxidant activity, the averages are 0.81 and 0.27 mg trolox/100 g for peanut oils and cottonseed oils, respectively (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05). Cottonseed oils have the highest levels of α-tocopherol while peanut oils have high levels of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Vegetable oils contain acceptable levels of α-tocopherol and total phenolic compounds for their oxidative stability and health benefits for the consumer. However, the levels of biomolecules will be higher if production and preservation conditions are improved and controlled. The results could be used for future recommendations about human feeding programs in Burkina Faso.</p> </abstract>
Introduction. Food safety is an important quality approach that ensures the safety of both food products and the health of consumers and employees. Aim. This study aimed to develop a control plan through the analysis of critical points of the manufacturing process in the dried mango production units in Burkina Faso. Methods. Investigations were carried out within the manufacturing units located in two regions of Hauts Basins and Cascades with four cities: Bobo-Dioulasso, Banfora, Orodara and Toussiana. The use of 5M method made it possible to classify the various factors likely to contribute to the depreciation of mango quality. Results. The results showed that the majority of the manufacturing units are artisanal type and do not comply in terms of installation and sanitation. The equipments are rudimentary. The staff have not been trained in good manufacturing and hygiene practices. This derives from the practical solutions for the control, prevention and monitoring of 15 critical control points (CCP) identified during the production of dried mangoes. The CCP control plan including four control points has been established. Indeed, the implementation of the method requires the strict procedure monitoring. Conclusion. This study provided information on the risks associated with the production of dried mangoes in Burkina Faso. It will allow to produce quality dried mangoes and to preserve the health of employees and consumer's by reducing Biological, chemical and physical hazards.
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