Docente, imagen del maestro, profesión docente, Letonia. ResumenDebido a la interacción social en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se ha formado una imagen del maestro en la mente de los estudiantes, que posteriormente se reproduce en el espacio público. Entendemos imagen como el fenómeno que se desarrolla en la conciencia humana como resultado de la experiencia social en forma de sistemas de signos. La investigación muestra que la imagen del maestro en el espacio público no siempre es positiva. En consecuencia, el prestigio de la profesión se ve afectado de manera negativa. Para comprender el fenómeno mediante el cual la imagen del maestro se forma en la memoria colectiva de la sociedad, iniciamos una serie de estudios encaminados a establecer el estado de la cuestión. ¿Cuál es la imagen de un maestro típico de acuerdo con los estudiantes en la actualidad? Uno de los estudios se realizó durante el año académico 2011-2012 bajo la supervisión de maestros universitarios en diez países: Bulgaria, Grecia, México, Pakistán, Serbia, Eslovenia, Inglaterra, Sudáfrica, Turquía y Letonia. En el estudio participaron 1053 estudiantes de 15 años. Se analizaron los siguientes componentes que describen la imagen del maestro: sexo, edad, apariencia, rasgos de la comunicación verbal y no verbal. Se analizó la imagen del maestro en el contexto de las características sociales de la profesión y el contexto cultural. También se tuvo en cuenta la edad de los encuestados. El estudio reveló la importancia de la personalidad de los maestros en la vida de los estudiantes. Son modelos a seguir. Este pedido de la sociedad de una persona ideal en la enseñanza puede causar malestar en los maestros reales. Las afirmaciones de los encuestados sobre el maestro como una figura extremadamente importante en la vida de los jóvenes es el principio para aumentar el prestigio de la profesión docente. AbstractDue to the teaching and learning social interaction, an image of teachers is formed within the students' mind, which is later reproduced in the public space. We understand image as a phenomenon taking place in human consciousness as a result of social experience in the form of sign systems. As the research shows, the teacher's image in the public space is not always positive. Consequently, the prestige of the profession is negatively affected. In order to understand the mechanism by which the teacher's image is formed within the collective memory of society, we started a series of studies meant to find out the state of the art. What is the image of a typical teacher according to current students? One of the studies was carried out during the

No abstract

One of the most important tasks in the 2022 UNESCO report is the preparation of teachers in the field of higher education, which is oriented towards the improvement of professional competence. The teacher is described as a creator of knowledge, and as a central person in educational and social transformation, while knowledge and learning are described as the basis of renewal and transformation. Opportunities for meaningful and high-quality education should be available at every stage of a person's life. Preschool education is the first level of education and is where a child gains first knowledge, skills, and experience about the world around them. The preschool teacher and their professional competences are of particular importance in this cognitive process. Using the teachers' professional competence assessment tool (survey), this study analyses the self-assessment of future preschool teachers' professional competence in the planning, implementation and evaluation of the learning process. Our results show that the survey that we created can be used as one of the tools for the evaluation of the teacher's professional competence. In addition, the professional competence of future preschool teachers can be promoted in the study process in the unity of theory and practice. From the survey, it can be concluded that the planning, implementation and evaluation of the learning process interact and are mutually dependent components of the teacher's professional competence. In the data analysis, it was found that the professional competences of preschool teachers are strengthened, which helps to identify the individual needs of children and to plan, implement and evaluate the learning process in accordance with them.

Parents are important educational partners in schools as they are the first educators of their children and play an important role in their children’s education, educational targets, and future professions for their children. Parents have their expectations about their children’s educational targets but are these expectations connected with targets defined in education documents, and more important – are these expectations aimed at the future perspective of education? The purpose of the study was to compare the educational targets of parents with educational targets defined in education documents – Latvia education system change project “School 2030” (Skola 2030), Sustainable Development Strategy of Latvia until 2030, and UNESCO new social contract for education for 2050. The methodology used in this study was an express – survey for parents, in May 2022, with the open question “What do you expect for your child’s educational targets?”; literature and source analysis with mapping review strategy, documents detecting the perspective of the education; finding educational target keywords, analysing data, and synthesising categories with data collected in express – survey; data analysis was done using data identifying method by selected keywords. Analysing three educational documents with the future perspective, 7 educational targets as keywords were found and analysed – curricula and skills, cooperation and collaboration, digitalization, inclusion, sustainability, research and innovations, and globalisation. 240 respondents participated in the express survey, detecting the problem of the research, that parents’ expectations only partly overlap educational targets defined in education documents. Analysing survey data, family and parents cannot be considered as educational partners in the educational process as is shown in literature and document analysis. There are two main survey answer tendencies – child-centred education and education based on knowledge and achievements. Parents’ behaviour is customer – centred, what is that school can provide for a child’s education.

Diverse evaluation of the study process and the activities of all participants involved in it is a significant element in the context of introducing quality culture at the higher education institutions (HEI). It is a common practice in HEI to carry out students’ surveys in order to receive students’ evaluation on the quality of the study process as such, the study curriculum, the content and organization of particular subjects. On the basis of the performed analysis of the scientific and didactic literature, the article describes students’ survey and the possibilities of applying its results in assessing the quality of the university faculty’s professional activities. The survey of pedagogy students was performed in the empirical study which helped to find out students’ understanding about the competences needed for the university faculty in their professional activities in the study process at higher education institution and the professional development needs of the university faculty in view of pedagogy students are defined.