The neuro-stimulant anti-narcoleptic drug as modafinil (MOD) is used to treatment neurological conditions caused by COVID-19. MOD was used to treatment narcolepsy, shift-work sleep disorder, and obstructive sleep apnea-related sleepiness. So, an innovative, quick, economical, selective, and ecologically friendly procedure was carried out. A highly sensitive N@CQDs technique was created from green Eruca sativa leaves in about 4 min using microwave synthesis at 700 w. The quantum yield of the synthesized N@CQDs was found to be 41.39%. By increasing the concentration of MOD, the quantum dots' fluorescence intensity was gradually quenched. After being excited at 445 nm, the fluorescence reading was recorded at 515 nm. The linear range was found to be in the range 50 – 700 ng mL−1 with lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) equal to 45.00 ng mL−1. The current method was fully validated and bio analytically according to (US-FDA and ICH) guidelines. Full characterization of the N@CQDs has been conducted by high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Zeta potential measurement, fluorescence, UV–VIS, and FTIR spectroscopy. Various experimental variables including pH, QDs concentration and the reaction time were optimized. The proposed study is simply implemented for the therapeutic drug monitoring system (TDMS) and various clinical laboratories for further pharmacokinetic research.
Favipiravir, molnupiravir, and ritonavir have been recently approved as the first oral antivirals for treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infections. Their combination was reported in several clinical studies, alternatively, to enhance the viral eradication and improve patient's recovery times and rates. Being all orally administered, therefore, the development of new sensitive and validated methodologies for their simultaneous determination is a necessitate. In the proposed research, a sensitive, selective, and simple high‐performance thin layer chromatography method was developed and validated for determination of favipiravir, molnupiravir, and ritonavir. Silica gel 60F254 thin layer chromatography plates were used as stationary phase for this separation using mobile phase composed of methylene chloride:ethyl acetate:methanol:25% ammonia (6:3:4:1, v/v/v/v). Densitometric detection was performed at wavelength 289 nm. Peaks of favipiravir, molnupiravir, and ritonavir were resolved at retention factors 0.22, 0.42, and 0.63, respectively. The proposed method was found linear within the specified ranges of 3.75–100.00 μg/mL for molnupiravir and favipiravir, and 2.75–100.00 μg/mL for ritonavir. Limits of detection were found to be 1.12, 1.21, and 0.89 μg/mL for favipiravir, molnupiravir, and ritonavir, respectively. This is the first method to be reported for the simultaneous determination of the cited three antiviral drugs. The method was assessed on novel greenness metrics.
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