Rapid One-Pot Microwave Assisted Green Synthesis Nitrogen Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Precursor for Estimation of Modafinil as Post-Covid Neurological Drug in Human Plasma with Greenness Assessments

Abstract

The neuro-stimulant anti-narcoleptic drug as modafinil (MOD) is used to treatment neurological conditions caused by COVID-19. MOD was used to treatment narcolepsy, shift-work sleep disorder, and obstructive sleep apnea-related sleepiness. So, an innovative, quick, economical, selective, and ecologically friendly procedure was carried out. A highly sensitive N@CQDs technique was created from green Eruca sativa leaves in about 4 min using microwave synthesis at 700 w. The quantum yield of the synthesized N@CQDs was found to be 41.39%. By increasing the concentration of MOD, the quantum dots' fluorescence intensity was gradually quenched. After being excited at 445 nm, the fluorescence reading was recorded at 515 nm. The linear range was found to be in the range 50 – 700 ng mL−1 with lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) equal to 45.00 ng mL−1. The current method was fully validated and bio analytically according to (US-FDA and ICH) guidelines. Full characterization of the N@CQDs has been conducted by high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Zeta potential measurement, fluorescence, UV–VIS, and FTIR spectroscopy. Various experimental variables including pH, QDs concentration and the reaction time were optimized. The proposed study is simply implemented for the therapeutic drug monitoring system (TDMS) and various clinical laboratories for further pharmacokinetic research.

A Novel Design Eco-friendly Microwave-assisted Cu–N@CQDs Sensor for the Quantification of Eravacycline via Spectrofluorimetric Method; Application to Greenness Assessments, Dosage Form and Biological Samples

“…Nanomaterials are intelligent materials with various uses in both business and biomedical and bioimaging research [15][16][17][18]. The fluorescent Cu-N@CQDs with high quantum yield were prepared by the microwave-assisted method from a green source as a result of decreasing the use of organic solvents and chemical compounds [9,16].…”

“…The plasma samples were prepared simply as follows: different amounts of ERV solution (0.1 -8.0 µg mL −1 ) were added to 300 µL of plasma into centrifugation tubes. Then, 1.0 mL of acetonitrile was applied as a protein-precipitating agent [8,9]. After being vortexed for 30 s, the liquid was diluted to 10 mL with ultrapure water.…”

“…Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have become well-established as effective analytical sensors in the last 10 years due to their peculiar optical features, high water solubility, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and ease of functionalization. CQDs are being positioned as an ideal alternative for fluorescent dyes and luminous derivatizing reagents due to their amazing and customizable fluorescence features [6][7][8][9].…”

“…In the last ten years, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which have unique photocatalytic activity, excellent water solubility, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and availability of functionalization, have solidified their position as a successful analytical sensor [6][7][8][9]. As a result, carbon quantum dots were used to analyze EVR in various applications, copper was introduced into the carbon dots synthesis to fine-tune the conduction band position of doped CQDs, which led to the adjustment of the functions used to treat the impurities and the fluorescence of doped carbon dots also increased its selectivity [10].…”

“…Green chemistry can be applied in a variety of ways, such as by redesigning experiments to use eco-friendly reagents or by managing waste. Numerous evaluation tools have been created to contrast the effectiveness of green chemistry methods with those of more conventional methods [9,12].…”