Kultur jaringan merupakan salah satu metode untuk menghasilkan bibit rumput laut secara kontinu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bibit rumput laut Gracilaria sp. pada setiap tahapan proses propagasi vegetatif melalui kultur jaringan. Propagasi di laboratorium dilakukan selama 60 hari menggunakan kontainer kaca berkapasitas 2 L dengan kepadatan eksplan 1.000; 1.500; dan 2.000 eksplan/kontainer, selanjutnya dilakukan aklimatisasi eksplan di tambak menggunakan hapa berukuran 50 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm selama 60 hari dengan kepadatan eksplan 10, 20 dan 30 g/hapa. Propagasi di tambak dilakukan selama lima bulan dengan metode long line dan setiap 30 hari dilakukan perbanyakan bibit dan pengamatan terhadap pertumbuhan. Desain penelitian adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga ulangan untuk masing-masing perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati adalah sintasan eksplan di laboratorium, pertumbuhan, dan perkembangan bibit. Hasil yang diperoleh pada kultur di laboratorium yaitu sintasan tertinggi (45,38%) diperoleh pada kepadatan 1.500 eksplan/kontainer, pada aklimatisasi di tambak kepadatan eksplan hingga 30 g tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan harian bibit (P>0,05); bobot mutlak tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 30 g/hapa. Laju pertumbuhan bibit rumput laut hasil kultur jaringan pada propagasi di tambak berada pada kisaran 2,33%-4,31%.
The quality of feed can be improved by fermenting feedstuffs and supplementing with feed additives. This study aims to determine the effect of supplementation of Lumbricus sp. extract in fermented feed on growth performance, body chemical composition, and milkfish hepatosomatic index. Milkfish with an initial weight of 17.80 ± 0.20 g head-1, rearing with a density of 20 fish per hapa net measuring 1 m3 by 24 pieces. Hapa net is installed in a pond with a water level of ± 60 cm. Research was design in completely randomized design with two factors. The first-factor was supplementation method, namely Lumbricus sp. which sprayed on feed and mixed with feed ingredients. The second factor was the dose of Lumbricus sp. extract, namely 0, 100, 200 and 300 mL kg-1 of feedstuffs. The fish was reared for 50 days and fed with 5% of fish biomass per day with feeding frequency of 3 times i.e., morning, afternoon and evening. The results showed that the supplementation Lumbricus sp. extract has no significant effect on all parameters (P>0,05). However, the level dose of Lumbricus sp. extract supplementation in feed has a significantly effect (P<0.05) on absolute growth, relative growth, feed efficiency, and hepatosomatic index, but no significant effect (P>0,05) on survival and chemical composition of milkfish body. The best best of absolute growth (16.94±4.0 g), relative growth (48.71±5.77%), feed efficiency (40.74±10.3 %), and hepatosomatic index (1.5 ± 0.17) were found in the experiment of supplementation Lumbricus sp. extract mixed with feedstuffs at a dose of 300 mL kg1. The survival rate of milkfish was ranging from 68.33±29.3 to 91.,33±7.64%, while the body's chemical composition including protein levels, fat, ash, crude fiber, NFE / Nitrogen Free Extract, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were 69.45±1.23 – 71.45±0.97%, 14.86±0.46 – 17.24±0.76%, 9.28±0.12 – 11.12±0.46%, 1.54±0.09 – 1.66 ± 0.13%, 1.33± 0.42 – 2.71±0.21%, 7,11±0,08 – 7,40±0,17mg g-1 and 6,13±0,44 – 6,45±0,40 mg g-1, respectively.
The use of combinations of microorganisms as feed additives can synergize to produce enzymes to help the digestive process of feed. This study aims to determine the best combination of microorganisms as probiotics in feeding on growth performance, gastric evacuation, and blood glucose levels of milkfish. Milkfish with an initial weight of 9.21±0.14 g, reared at a density of 20 fish in an aquarium measuring 50 x 40 x 35 cm3 containing 48 L of water with 20 ppt salinity and equipped with a recirculation system. The research design was Completely Randomized Design with five treatments, namely: control (feed without microorganisms), Bacillus sp. and Lactobacillus sp., Rhizophus sp. and Aspergillus sp., Saccharomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp., and Mixed microorganisms, Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Rhizophus sp., Aspergillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., and Trichoderma sp. During 50 days of rearing, the fish were given experimental feed three times a day at 07.00, 12.00, and 15.00 at 5% body weight. The results showed that the treatment significantly affected growth, feed efficiency, and hepatosomatic index. However, it did not affect milkfish's survival and liver and muscle glycogen levels. Absolute growth (30.79±0.87 g), relative growth rate (333.91±5.83%), biomass growth (615.76±17.48%), feed efficiency (57.26±0.39 %), and the best hepatosomatic index (0.99±0.01) were obtained in the mixed microorganism treatment, and mg/g, and muscle 5.45-5.72 mg/g. The gastric evacuation rate and the fastest peak and peak decrease in blood glucose levels were obtained in the mixed microorganisms treatment at 5 and 3-4 hours postprandial. The diverse microorganisms can be added to the feed at a dose of 10 mL/kg to support the intensification of milkfish culture Abstrak Pemanfaatan kombinasi mikroorganisme sebagai aditif pakan dapat saling bersinergi menghasilkan enzim untuk membantu proses pencernaan pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kombinasi mikroorganisme terbaik sebagai probiotik dalam pakan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan, laju pengosongan lambung, dan kadar glukosa darah ikan bandeng. Ikan bandeng dengan bobot awal 9,21±0,14 g dipelihara dengan kepadatan 20 ekor pada akuarium berukuran 50 x 40 x 35 cm3 yang berisi 48 L air bersalinitas 20 ppt dan dilengkapi sistem resirkulasi. Penelitian didesain dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu: kontrol (pakan tanpa mikroorganisme), Bacillus sp. dan Lactobacillus sp., Rhizophus sp. dan Aspergillus sp., Saccharomyces sp. dan Trichoderma sp., serta kombinasi mikroorganisme Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Rhizophus sp., Aspergillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., dan Trichoderma sp. Selama 50 hari pemeliharaan, ikan diberi pakan percobaan 3 kali sehari yakni pukul 07.00, 12.00, dan 15.00 sebanyak 5% dari bobot badan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan, efisiensi pakan, dan indeks hepatosomatik. Namun, tidak berpengaruh terhadap sintasan, kadar glikogen hati dan otot ikan bandeng. Pertumbuhan mutlak (30,79±0,87 g), laju pertumbuhan relatif (333,91±5,83%), pertumbuhan biomassa (615,76±17,48%), efisiensi pakan (57,26±0,39%), dan indeks hepatosomatik (0,99±0,01) terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan kombinasi mikroorganisme dan terendah pada kontrol. Kisaran sintasan yang dihasilkan 93,33-100%, glikogen hati 6,60-6,89 mg/g, dan otot 5,45-5,72 mg/g. Laju pengosongan lambung, serta mencapai puncak dan penurunan puncak kadar glukosa darah tercepat pada perlakuan kombinasi mikroorganisme pada jam ke 5 dan jam ke 3-4 post prandial. Untuk mendukung intensifikasi budidaya ikan bandeng, kombinasi mikroorganisme dapat ditambahkan dalam pakan dengan dosis 10 mL/kg pakan.
Mixed microorganisms consist of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and molds that produce important enzymes to ferment raw materials, thereby increasing the nutrient content of milkfish feed. This study aims to examine various doses of mix. microorganisms fermented raw materials on growth performance, chemical composition of the body, and hepatosomatic index of milkfish. Milkfish weighing 28.40 ± 0.11 g is kept in hapa of 1 m3 and placed on brackish water ponds. The test feed contains Sargassum sp. and formulated from raw materials fermented with mix. microorganism (control, 10, 15 and 20 mL / 100 g). The experimental results show the relative growth rate (%) and the growth of biomass (g) of milkfish fed with fermented feedstock with a dose of 10 mL / 100 g (122.77 ± 3.00%, and 522.05 ± 12.19 g ), the real feed is higher than the other dose. The fat content, crude fiber, and energy of test fish fed with fermented feedstock with 10, 15, and 20 mL / 100 g doses were significantly lower, while the hepatosomatic index was significantly higher than the control. (91.11-97,78%), protein content and NFE or Nitrogen Free Extracts (66.81 ± 0.41 72.33 ± 0.28% and 0.88 ± 0.38- 2.24 ± 0.92%), hepatic and muscle glycogen (7.16 ± 0.25-7.3 ± 0.31 mg / g and 6.16 ± 0.16, 6.51 ± 0.35 mg / g) were the same in all treatments. Thus, a dose of 10 mL / 100 g feed ingredients is the best dose in fermenting feed ingredients.Keywords: fermentation, milkfish, mix. microorganism, artificial feed, Sargassum sp.
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