Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is an advanced computer technology used in the medical field to elude the errors and enhance effectiveness and efficiency, especially in clinical work. Developing countries can utilize the same models to improve their health care system as the industrialized world. Globally medicine is evolving to the era of "Artificial intelligence", medical education must include these modern technologies and competencies to reform. We intended to determine the attitude of the medical students towards the introduction of AI in Undergraduate Medical Education in District Peshawar. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 384 students of two medical colleges in Peshawar, utilizing a convenient sampling technique for data collection. A self-administered questionnaire, with 5 points Likert scale was used to collect data. Data was analyzed through SPSS version (22.2). Results: Majority of the students 61.7% had no previous knowledge of AI. Mean scores for AIs perceived usefulness in Radiology, replacement with human Radiologist, anticipated dominance in clinical practice, willingness for introduction in medical education, excitement to adopt, perceived as a burden, practicability were 1.89, 2.83, 2.76, 2.35, 2.13, 3.18, 2.39 respectively. Conclusion: The positive attitude was seen among medical students regarding the inclusion of Artificial intelligence in undergraduate medical education.

ABSTRACT… Objectives:To estimate the concentration of heavy metals (Lead, cadmium, Chromium and copper) in branded and non-branded (local) snacks in the markets of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Setting: District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Period: 6 months; from December 2016 to April 2017. Materials and Methods: A total of 96 different samples of potato and corn snacks were selected from four towns of district Peshawar by convenient sampling technique. All samples were subjected to wet digestion using acid digestion technique and Lead, Cadmium, Chromium and copper were quantitatively detected, using Atomic Absorption spectrometer in the Public Health laboratory Khyber Medical College Peshawar. Results: Mean concentration of Lead, cadmium, chromium and copper in potato based branded snacks were in the range of 0.085-0.423mg/kg, 0.003-0.046 mg/kg, 2.186-2.328 mg/kg and 0.008-0.108 mg/kg and concentration of heavy metals in corn based branded snacks were in range of 0.240-0.351 mg/kg, 0.007-0.012mg/kg, 2.254-2.179 mg/kg, 0.030-0.082 mg/kg respectively. While mean concentration of Lead, cadmium, chromium and copper in non-branded (local) snacks were 0.057-0.324 mg/kg, 0.005-0.012 mg/kg, 2.137-2.247 mg/kg and 0.018-0.06 mg/kg respectively. Conclusion: Lead and chromium were exceeding in majority samples of branded and local snacks. Particular concern was of chromium, which was exceeding far beyond the allowed limits in all samples.

Background: Stress coping methods are used by the individuals to overcome daily stresses. It is important to maintain stress within limits for normal functioning and productivity of a human being. Medical students come across many stress factors during their medical training. Stress coping is divided into Adaptive and Non-adaptive coping, students using adaptive coping strategies (ACS) are considered to have positive coping methods and results in long term constructive outcomes i.e. improved self-esteem, stronger social bonds and wisdom, while students using non-adaptive coping strategies are at risk of mental health issues. Our objective was to evaluate stress coping methods among medical students of public and private medical colleges of district Peshawar. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data was collected using convenient sampling technique from 200 medical students of both Public and private sector of district Peshawar. Equal numbers of boys and girls were selected from age groups of 18-25 years. Demographic variable along with methods to cope stress were collected using validated pre-tested questionnaire called "Brief cope scale (BCS) of Urdu version by Akhtar (2005)". Standard cut off value of 56 was used to differentiate between students having adaptive or mal-adaptive coping styles. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS. Results: Students of public medical college scored M=71.78 with SD=8.955 while students of private medical colleges scored M=69.20 with SD 10.07. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that undergraduate students in medical collages have non-adaptive coping methods rather than adaptive ones. Female students used more adaptive coping skills than male students. Students in public sector had better coping skills than students of private medical colleges.

Objectives: To estimate the concentration of heavy metals (Lead, cadmium,Chromium and copper) in branded and non-branded (local) snacks in the markets of Peshawar,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Setting:District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Period: 6 months; from December 2016 toApril 2017. Materials and Methods: A total of 96 different samples of potato and corn snackswere selected from four towns of district Peshawar by convenient sampling technique. Allsamples were subjected to wet digestion using acid digestion technique and Lead, Cadmium,Chromium and copper were quantitatively detected, using Atomic Absorption spectrometer inthe Public Health laboratory Khyber Medical College Peshawar. Results: Mean concentrationof Lead, cadmium, chromium and copper in potato based branded snacks were in the rangeof 0.085-0.423mg/kg, 0.003-0.046 mg/kg, 2.186-2.328 mg/kg and 0.008-0.108 mg/kg andconcentration of heavy metals in corn based branded snacks were in range of 0.240-0.351mg/kg, 0.007-0.012mg/kg, 2.254-2.179 mg/kg, 0.030-0.082 mg/kg respectively. While meanconcentration of Lead, cadmium, chromium and copper in non-branded (local) snacks were0.057-0.324 mg/kg, 0.005-0.012 mg/kg, 2.137-2.247 mg/kg and 0.018-0.06 mg/kg respectively.Conclusion: Lead and chromium were exceeding in majority samples of branded and localsnacks. Particular concern was of chromium, which was exceeding far beyond the allowedlimits in all samples.