Thyroid iodine concentration and total thyroid iodine were determined by an automated technique by means of the ceric arsenious acid reaction in 42 males and 13 females. The thyroids were taken from autopsy material in a region with a low dietary intake. The accuracy of the method to estimate iodine was checked by neutron activation analysis. There was an excellent correlation between the iodine contents of thyroid specimens, when measured by chemical or by activation analysis. The mean iodine concentration was 1.86 mg/g dry weight and was found to be lower than in non-goitrous regions. In goitres, the mean iodine concentration was significantly lower, and the mean total thyroid of normal weight. There was no significant difference in iodine concentration and total iodine between males and females. The thyroid iodine concentration did not depend upon age in adults. The data were log normally distributed. It was established that mean iodine concentrations under 2 mg/g dry weight or 0.45 mg/g fresh weight are to be regarded as an important index of iodine deficiency.
The results of studies of the opiate antagonist naltrexone (NLTX) in the treatment of self-injurious behavior (SIB) in mentally retarded people have been equivocal. They have relied on small patient samples in short-term trials with varying degrees of scientific rigor. Nor has the clinical efficacy of NLTX for SIB been tested against its wider application in nonresearch settings. The present study is a retrospective, long-term study of the clinical use of NLTX for SIB, drawn from clinical experience in the entire population of the state schools of Texas (population = 8,000). More than 50% of the 56 SIB individuals treated with NLTX were maintained on the drug by virtue of clinical benefit perceived by treating professionals; 25% of the 56 individuals could be classified as unequivocal responders based upon strict objective response criteria. Variables associated with positive response were level of disability and lack of concurrent aggression. Unexpectedly, all of the objective responders displayed a gradual and continuous decrease in SIB over-time, even after 3 years of treatment.
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