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Radiation effects in components and materials will be one of the most serious technological issues in nuclear fusion systems realizing burning-plasmas. Especially, diagnostic components, which should play a crucial role in controlling plasmas and understanding the physics of burning-plasmas, will be exposed to high-flux neutrons and gamma rays. Dynamic radiation effects will affect the performance of components substantially from the beginning of exposure to radiation environments, and accumulated radiation effects will gradually degrade their functioning abilities in the course of their service. High-power-density fission reactors will be the only realistic tools to simulate the radiation environments expected to occur in burning-plasma fusion machines such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), at present. Some key diagnostic components, namely magnetic coils, bolometers, and optical fibres, were irradiation-tested in a fission reactor, to evaluate their performances in heavy radiation environments. Results indicate that ITER-relevant radiation-resistant diagnostic components could be developed in time, although there are still some technological problems to be overcome.

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been applied for size estimation of Au clusters formed by ion implantation into glassy carbon. The 4f and 5d XPS spectra reveal the presence of the cluster 0.7–2.5nm in diameter, depending on the Au concentration. The relationship between XPS 4f-binding energy shift and 5d splitting is determined for the Au clusters embedded in the carbon and found to be significantly different from the previous data for the ones supported on a carbon substrate. We suppose that this difference results from the effect of the environment around a cluster on Coulomb charging during photoemission at the final state.

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Charge–discharge reaction in all‐solid‐state battery (SSB) is governed by Li‐ion movements and large resistance at solid–solid interface degrades rate capability of the SSBs. Thus, lithium (Li) distribution and its movement around interface in static or operated SSBs should be clarified well. Here, it is reported that combined ion beam analysis of high‐energy elastic recoil detection and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry probing 9.0 MeV O4+ beams is a powerful technique to clarify static Li distribution around the interface, and that relative Li concentration change is correctly detected with reliable depth resolution in a few tens of nm scale. It is interesting to note that Li deficient region is formed inside the Li+‐conductive crystalline glass solid electrolyte, LATP, at around the LiCoO2/LATP interface with the thickness of 120 ± 30 nm. Additionally, presence of hydrogen around both interfaces and their migration with the voltages are also detected.

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