Diseases caused by soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi are a serious problem for agricultural crops, including sunflower crops. The limited possibilities of measures to control them further increases the interest and focus on them. This article reveals data on the species composition, occurrence rate of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi isolated from the soil of sunflower. Here, 11 species of true fungi and 1 species of oomycetes have been isolated. The highest incidence rate was recorded in the Fusarium oxysporum fungi species. During the study, pathogenic fungi specific to sunflower have also been isolated.
This article outlines the results of the research conducted on farms Changimardon bogi in Parkent District of Tashkent Region and Behruz Baraka Fayz in Tashkent District of Tashkent Region on the origin and spread of downy mildew disease of the grapevine and phytophthora disease of potato plant, the symptoms of the diseases and their damage, and the data on the biological efficacy of new fungicide Pilarzox 25.5% SC applied against these diseases. As a result of our research: In the variant with Pilarzox 25.5% SC fungicide treatment at a rate of 1.2 l/ha against downy mildew disease of grapevine, the spread of the disease was 4.7%, the development of the disease was 0.7%, and the biological efficiency was 91.0%. The highest biological efficacy of potato plant against phytophthora disease was observed in the variant with Pilarzox 25.5% SC fungicide treatment at a rate of 2.5 l/ha. At the same time, the development of the disease was 2.4% in the leaves, 2.1% in the stems, and the biological efficiency was 89.5% in the leaves and 89.2% in the stems.
Ушбу мақолада Тошкент вилоятининг Паркент туманидаги “Чангимардон боғи” ва Тошкент туманидаги “Беҳруз Барака Файз” фермер хўжаликларида олиб борилган тадқиқотларимиз натижалари токнинг сохта ун-шудринг (милдью) ҳамда картошканинг фитофтороз касалликларининг келиб чиқиши, тарқалиши, касалликни қўзғатувчи замбуруғнинг белгилари, касалликнинг зарари ҳамда уларга қарши қўлланилган янги Пиларзокс 25.5% к.с., Пиларзокс 25.5% к.с. фунгицидларининг биологик самарадорлиги тўғрисидаги тадқиқот натижаларининг маълумотлари келтирилди. Тадқиқотларимиз натижасида: Токнинг сохта ун-шудринг (милдью) касаллигига қарши Пиларзокс 25.5% к.с. фунгицидини 1,2 л/га сарф меъёрда қўллаган вариантда касалликнинг тарқалиши 4,7% ни, касалликнинг ривожланиши 0,7%, ни ҳамда биологик самарадорлик 91,0% ни ташкил этди. Картошканинг фитофтороз касаллигига қарши энг юқори биологик самарадорлик Пиларзокс 25.5% к.с. фунгициди билан 2,5 л/га меъёрда ишлов берилган вариантда кузатилди. Бунда касалликнинг ривожланиши баргда 2,4%, пояда 2,1% ни ҳамда биологик самарадорлик баргда 89,5% ни ҳамда пояда 89,2% ни ташкил этди.
On decorative trees and shrubs, under the influence of external factors and pathogenic microorganisms, the development of various diseases is observed. The article is devoted to the prevention of such negative phenomena, the study of the species composition of the biota of micromycetes, as well as the analysis of their bioecological characteristics.
This article outlines explanatory data on the interactions between phytopathogenic fungi and plants, as well as infestation ways of pathogenic fungi on plants. A thorough analysis of the literature revealed that phytopathogenic fungi use a number of biochemical and mechanical methods to penetrate into the plant tissues, including the production of cell wall-degrading enzymes, also use toxins, effector proteins, and growth regulators. Cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) in pathogenesis are the main weapon of phytopathogenic fungi.
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