Effects of Phytopathogenic Fungi on Plants (Review)

Abstract

This article outlines explanatory data on the interactions between phytopathogenic fungi and plants, as well as infestation ways of pathogenic fungi on plants. A thorough analysis of the literature revealed that phytopathogenic fungi use a number of biochemical and mechanical methods to penetrate into the plant tissues, including the production of cell wall-degrading enzymes, also use toxins, effector proteins, and growth regulators. Cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) in pathogenesis are the main weapon of phytopathogenic fungi.

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) of the plant Alternaria disease (review)

“…The development of genetic control of carrot diseases offers a promising alternative method. Breeders have developed carrot varieties with partial resistance to carrot leaf spot, but although varying degrees of disease control have been achieved, complete resistance to this disease has not been observed [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…An elementary requirement is the relevance and pathogenicity of the pathogen isolates used. Therefore, it is necessary to isolate current authentic strains for repeated surveillance of pathogens in the field and for seeding approaches [20][21][22][23][24][25]. In addition, isolates must be taxonomically welldescribed, genetically identical, which can be done using monoconidial lines, and must show sufficient virulence.…”

“…Alternaria, which is fungi of the phylum Fungi, are a morphologically diverse collection of taxa that can be found in almost all ecosystems worldwide. The number of species varies from about 150 to several hundred [19][20][21]. Most species are saprotrophic and can be associated with different substrates or plant debris from different sources.…”

“…Most species are saprotrophic and can be associated with different substrates or plant debris from different sources. In addition, many of these species are serious plant pathogens that cause significant yield losses in agriculture every year [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, many species of this genus are highly pathogenic during postharvest and storage of agricultural products, and they contribute significantly to the annual loss of agricultural products [15].…”

“…The life cycle of these species is saprophytic, but several species are pathogenic for a specific host plant range [13,24]. Alternaria leaf spotting: alternaria rot is also observed in carrots, the disease is caused by the Alternaria radicina Meier fungus [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The disease is widespread in all areas where carrots are grown, and affects the plant at different ages and during storage of roots.…”