Introductions: Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide. The incidence is increasing in developing countries including Nepal. The aim of this study is to find out the clinicopathological pattern of colorectal carcinoma locally. Methods: Data were recorded retrospectively by reviewing the charts of the patients who were diagnosed and treated for in patients having colorectal cancer managed during three years period of 2016-9 at Patan Hospital, the university teaching hospital of Patan Academy of health sciences, Nepal. Clinicopathological profile, age, gender, surgery, histopathological findings were descriptively analised. Results: There were 36 colorectal cancer patients, male 20 (56%) and females 16 (44%), mean age 56.9 years (range 24 to 89). Curative surgery was possible in 17 (47.2%) and adenocarcinoma of moderate differentiation was found in 25 (70%) of the resected specimen. Conclusions: Colorectal carcinoma was found in old age, slightly more in male than female, adenocarcinoma being most common histology type.

Background: Urinary bladder diseases constitute an important source of clinical signs and symptoms which are more disabling than lethal. The prevalence of bladder tumor in developed countries is approximately six times higher compared with that in developing countries. The aim of this study was to find out various lesions in urinary bladder biopsies and its frequencies. Materials and methods:This was a five year retrospective study from January 2008 to December 2013, carried out at B&B Hospital, Lalitpur. All the relevant data of 324 patients who had undergone cystoscopic biopsy of urinary bladder were included in the study. All blocks were retrieved and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain and examined under light microscope. Results:The spectrum of pathological lesions included inflammations and tumors. Non-neoplastic lesions were predominant (61.11%) followed by Transitional cell tumors accounted for 124 cases (38.27%). Non-neoplastic lesions comprises of cystitis and tuberculosis. Papillary urothelial neoplasms was the most common tumors seen in this study with 55 low grade, and 54 high grade Papillary urothelial carcinoma according to recent WHO grading. Single cases each of adenocarcinoma and paraganglioma were diagnosed. Conclusion:Cystoscopic biopsies help in the early diagnosis and treatment of various bladder lesions. Analysis of cystoscopic biopsies was done to ascertain the type of urinary bladder lesions in our country.

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BackgroundAbnormal uterine bleeding may be defined as changes in frequency of menstruation, duration of flow or amount of blood loss. Early accurate diagnosis and proper treatment is essential to prevent progress to endometrial cancer. ObjectiveThis study was done to evaluate the histopathology of endometrium for identifying the endometrial causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. MethodThis was a retrospective study done in department of pathology, Patan Hospital from 1 August 2011-to 31 July 2012; total 413 cases were included in this study. ResultsThe age of the patients ranged from 19 to 70 years. The most common clinical presentation was menorrhagia (47.46%), followed by continuous bleeding (14.04%) and metrorrhagia (13%).The commonest histopathological diagnosis was secretory endometrium 128 cases (30.99%), followed by proliferative endometrium 91 cases (22.03 %). Secretory endometrium was most commonly (52 cases) observed in 41-50 years age group followed by 43 cases in 30-40 years age group. Similarly proliferative endometrium was also most commonly seen in 41-50 age group (44 cases) followed by 31-40 years of age group (32cases). Malignant disease was most commonly seen in 51-60 years age group. ConclusionsAbnormal uterine bleeding is most common in 21-30 years age group.The most common clinical presentation is menorrhagia followed by continuous bleeding. Secretory endometrium is the most common histopathological findings. Malignancy is more common in postmenopausal group.