In the complex of measures aimed at reducing the laboriousness of cultivating and growing high yields of raw cotton, a major role is given to further improving the technology and means of mechanizing cotton sowing. In recent years, rainy weather has been observed during the period of sowing cotton, as a result of which the germination of cotton seeds is significantly delayed. When showers, puddles form on the traces of the seeder, which leads to rotting of the seeds, as a result of which repeated sowing is carried out. When cultivating cotton on the ridges, in accordance with the theoretical foundations of soil cultivation, a favorable composition of the arable layer is ensured for a long period of cotton growing. This contributes to friendly shoots, good plant development and a high yield of raw cotton with early ripening, moisture accumulation on the ridges eliminates soil pollination, destruction of the structure, and formation of soil crust. Using the drip irrigation system allows to provide plants with water and fertilizers, where necessary, at the right time and in the right amount.
The article presents the results of research of solar drying plants for mechanization of preparation processes and organization of the drying process with a minimum energy consumption and maximum quality of finished products. The greatest effect is achieved when drying to low humidity, for example, drying fruit to a humidity of 2.5-3% is achieved in 4-16 hours, depending on the properties of the material to be dried. During vacuum drying, the rate of moisture evaporation increases, since the rate of moisture removal is proportional to the difference in water vapor pressure at the surface of the material and in the surrounding space. The efficiency of the process increases due to the lack of heat loss with the outgoing air.
On the basis of theoretical developments of recent years it was established that there is a certain dependence between soil density and productivity of agricultural crops and that for different biological groups of plants there is a certain value of soil, under which the best conditions for their growth and development are created. In this connection it was recommended to pay special attention to identification of relation between soil density and its water-air, biological and nutritive regimes. Results of researches showed that the best water-physical parameters, good biological and nutritious regime in typical sierozem and meadow non-saline medium-loamy soils is at volume weight equal to 1.1-1.34 g/cm3, and for light sierozem medium-loamy, medium saline - 1.2-1.4 g/cm3, etc. In order to create and maintain optimum compaction of arable soil during long period of vegetation it is necessary to change technology of ridge cultivation of cotton. The change consists in making ridging in spring and sowing cotton seeds on them without early spring and pre-sowing tillage. With sowing of seeds by seeders, drip irrigation hose is laid immediately on the ridge and after sowing, soaking water is supplied to the seeds. In article results of researches on development of cotton cultivation technology on a ridge with addressed and uniform moistening of root system of plants are given.
Crop cultivation technology is a complex of agronomic practices, carried out in a certain order, aimed at meeting the biological requirements of the crop and obtaining a given amount and quality of yield. The tasks can be solved by using different technological methods, which are selected individually not only for the crop as a whole, but also as the best option for each variety or hybrid, as applied to specific soil and climatic conditions. Development of new technologies and elements of cultivation technology, their maximum coordination with the biological requirements of crops and individual approach to each variety (hybrid) will allow to maximize the potential of the cultivated crop. In modern conditions, resource-saving technologies are one of the priority areas in modern agriculture, the development of which has become a priority task, because in modern crop production there are a number of problems: reduction of profitability of agriculture, significant depreciation of machinery fleet and the trend towards deterioration of soil fertility.
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