HE articles herewith presented discuss a new antibiotic from a new T species of the Actinomycetes-these Actinomycetes constituting a group of fungi which might well be called ultra-molds. We are concerned with a species of the established genus Streptomyces, for which the name StreptMnyces aureofm'ens is being proposed. The significance of the specific name will soon be apparent. This is a soil organism which seems to have escaped previous publicity and domestication, as well as having evaded a pigeonhole in the accessions of mycological science.The antibiotic (aureomycin) from this species of .mold will be evaluated, in preliminary measure at least, in relation to the role which, at this stage of the studies in progress, it may promise to play safely in the treatment of disease. Academically, the antibiotic itself and the organism producing it are of very considerable interest, whatever may be the score as affecting human health or animal production. But we measure our interest in it, at the present time, primarily by the qualities which it may display &s a systemic and an effective chemotherapeutic agent. FIQURE IS. Aerial hyphae of Strsptomuces aureofaciens (A-577) a t the time of apore differentiation. FIQUBE 14. Of-plate (OP) values of inhibition zones of S. aureofuciens (A 377-899) against BaciUur FIWJRE 15. Inhibition zones of S. griaeus againat Staph. aureus. PIQUUE 18. OP inhibition of S. aureofaciena againat Myeobacterium tuberculosia (No. 807). FIQUBE 17. No ionen of inhibition produced by Psnin'lliun ckrysogenum (Q 178) against Mycob. tuberculosis (No. 607). FIQUBE 18. Practically OP values of S. aureofociena againat rpccobacillus sp., an asaay species strongly reawtant to streptomycin. PIQIJRS 19. OP inhibition of 8. nureofacienu (A 377-899) againat Eacherickio eoli. FIQURS 40. Essentially no inhibition produced by S. aureofaciens againat P. chryrogenum (Q 176).PIQUBE 41. No zonn of inhibition in the teat of S. aureofaciens (A S77-899) against A8pergiZlur nigsr. PICUBE 4%. Small xonea of inhibition produced by I'. ekr#sogenum (Q 178) againat 5. auieofoeisns F I~U E E 48. Practically OP values of 8. aurdofuciens (A 377-899) against S. griseur (A 1). Ptocar 44. Zones of inhibition produced by S. griaeus against S. aureofnciens (A 377-899).It is to cereu6.(-4 377-899).
The quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence in Nitzschia closterium was found to be constant, within rather large limits of experimental error, for exciting light of wave length 6000, 5780, 4700, or 4358 A. Light absorbed by yellow pigments in Nitzschia can therefore reappear as chlorophyll fluorescence. This leads to the conclusion that the previously observed carotenoid-sensitized photosynthesis in N. closterium takes place principally through the transfer of absorbed energy from carotenoid to chlorophyll molecules with subsequent reactions the same as though chlorophyll molecules were the primary absorbers. In acetone extracts of N. closterium light absorbed by the yellow pigments did not contribute appreciably to chlorophyll fluorescence, indicating that little or no energy was transferred between the pigments in acetone solution.
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