Ethosomes are soft, malleable vesicles and potential carrier for transportation of drugs.Ethosomes are characterized by simplicity in their preparation, safety and efficacy and can be tailored for enhanced skin permeation of active drugs. Ethosomes have been found to be much more efficient at delivering drug to the skin, than either liposomes or hydro alcoholic solution. Ethosomes have been tested to encapsulate hydrophilic drugs, cationic drugs, proteins and peptides. Ethosomal carrier opens new challenges and opportunities for the development of novel improved therapies.
Clotrimazole is an antifungal drug for treatment of cutaneous candidiasis infections. However its oral administration is associated with number of drawbacks. The goal of the current investigation is to evaluate the transdermal potential of novel vesicular carrier, ethosomes, bearing Clotrimazole an antifungal having limited transdermal permeation. Clotrimazole loaded ethosomes were prepared, optimized and characterized for vesicular shape and surface morphology, vesicular size, size distribution, entrapment efficiency, and stability. The ethosomal formulation (E63 having 3%phospholipids content and 35% ethanol showing the greatest entrapment (58.75%). Stability study was performed for 120 days. Furthermore ethosomal delivery system could be considered for the treatment of number of dermal infections with better efficiency
A new, simple, novel, accurate, precise, reliable, rapid and linear reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and fully validated for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative estimation of Rosuvastatin (ROS), Clopidogrel (CLOP) and Aspirin (ASP) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. In the present work, good chromatographic separation was achieved by isocratic method using a Hypersil BDS C18 column (250 mm ×4.6, 5 μm) and a mobile phase consisting of KH2Po4 buffer pH-6.0: acetonitrile in the ratio 60:40, at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The effluents obtained were monitored at 242nm with the UV-visible detector. The calibration curves obtained were linear (r2=0.999) over the concentration range of 7.5-22.5μg/ml and 1-3μg/ml for CLOP, ASP and ROS respectively. A run time of 7.0 minutes for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 200 samples per day. The retention time of ASP, CLOP and ROS was found to be 3.103 min, 4,277 min and 5.707 min respectively. The high recovery values (99%-101%) indicate a satisfactory accuracy. The low percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) values in the precision study reveal that the method is precise therefore the method can be used for routine monitoring of CLOP, ASP and ROS in industry in the assay of bulk drug and dosage form. Keywords: RP-HPLC, Rosuvastatin, Clopidogrel, Aspirin, Method validation, ICH guidelines.
An accurate, precise, sensitive and reproducible High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and UV spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the quantitative determination of haloperidol (HPD) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Different analytical performance parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined according to International Conference on Harmonization ICH Q2B guidelines. The RP-HPLC method was developed by the isocratic technique on a reversed-phase Thermo C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5µm) column with mobile phase consisting of Methanol: Acetonitrile (50:50v/v) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The retention time for HPD was 2.238±0.3min. The UV spectrophotometric determinations were performed at 244 nm using 80% methanol as a solvent. The linearity range for HPD was 5-25 μg/ml for both HPLC and UV method. The linearity of the calibration curves for each analyte in the desired concentration range was good (r2 >0.999) by both the HPLC and UV methods. The method showed good reproducibility and recovery with percent relative standard deviation less than 2%. Moreover, the accuracy and precision obtained with HPLC co-related well with the UV method which implied that UV spectroscopy can be a cheap, reliable and less time consuming alternative for chromatographic analysis. The proposed methods are highly sensitive, precise and accurate and hence successfully applied for determining the assay and in vitro dissolution of a marketed formulation. Keywords: HPLC, UV Spectrophotometry, Haloperidol, Pharmaceutical formulation, Method validation, Quantitative analysis
Ideal ophthalmic drug delivery must be able to sustain the drug release and to remain in the vicinity of front of the eye for prolong period of time. Ocular drug delivery is one of the interesting and challenging endeavors facing the pharmaceutical scientist. As an isolated organ the eye is very difficult to study from a drug delivery point of view. Eye drops and eye ointments are conventional ocular dosage forms. They have certain disadvantages like frequent administration, poor availability, massive and unpredictable doses, and drainage of medication by tear and nasolacrimal fluid. Most of ophthalmic drugs are administered topically in the form of eye drops, a dosage form consisting of buffered, isotonic, aqueous solution or suspensions of the drug. Ophthalmic CDDS (controlled drug delivery system) have been mainly prepared as gels, ointments, liposomes, micro and Nanoparticles, micro spheres and ocular minitablets (MT) or films or inserts.KEY WORDS: Ocular drug delivery, ocular inserts, eye inserts, eye drug delivery.
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