Ab.vtracf-Charge injection in MOS switches has been analyzed. The anatysis has been extended to the generrd case including signal-source resistance and capacitance. Universal plots of percentage channel charge injected are presented. Normalized variables are used to facilitate usage of the plots. The effects of gate voltage falting rate, sigual-source Icvel, substrate doping, substrate hias, switch dimensions, as well as the source and holding capacitances are all included in the plots. A small-geometry switch, slow switching rate, and small source resistance can reduce the charge injection effect. On-chip test circuitry with a unity-gain operational amplifier, which reduces the disturbance imposed by measurement equipment to a minimum, is found to be an excellent monitor of the switch charge injection. The theoretical results agree with the experimental data.
An interdisciplinary multilaboratory effort to develop an implantable neural prosthetic that can coexist and bidirectionally communicate with living brain tissue is described. Although the final achievement of such a goal is many years in the future, it is proposed that the path to an implantable prosthetic is now definable, allowing the problem to be solved in a rational, incremental manner. Outlined in this report is our collective progress in developing the underlying science and technology that will enable the functions of specific brain damaged regions to be replaced by multichip modules consisting of novel hybrid analog/digital microchips. The component microchips are "neurocomputational" incorporating experimentally based mathematical models of the nonlinear dynamic and adaptive properties of biological neurons and neural networks. The hardware developed to date, although limited in capacity, can perform computations supporting cognitive functions such as pattern recognition, but more generally will support any brain function for which there is sufficient experimental information. To allow the "neurocomputational" multichip module to communicate with existing brain tissue, another novel microcircuitry element
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