Nitrate has described as an endocrine disruptor that promotes onset of diabetes. This study was undertaken to evaluate diabetic effect of high nitrate intake in young and adult male rats and its amelioration by fenugreek administration. The study revealed significant increase in serum glucose and blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), while serum insulin and liver glycogen were decreased among nitrate exposed animals, in particular the young group. A significant reduction in the body weight gain and serum thyroid hormones (T4 & T3) was also recorded. Further reduction in serum levels of urea and creatinine, as well as total protein in serum, liver and pancreas was demonstrated, with elevation in their levels in the urine of all nitrate exposed groups. Meanwhile, the activity of serum transaminases (ALT and AST) was increased, with decline in their activity in the liver tissue. In addition, an elevation in serum total bilirubin, tissues (liver and pancreas) nitric oxide and lipid profile, as well as liver activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was recorded. Fenugreek administration to nitrate exposed rats was found to be effective in alleviating hyperglycemia and other biochemical changes characterizing nitrate-induced diabetes. So, fenugreek can be considered to possess potent activity against onset of nitrate induced-diabetes.

Preventing male infertility by marjoram and sage essential oils through modulating testicular lipid accumulation and androgens biosynthesis disruption in a rat model of dietary obesity, Egyptian

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role of curcumin, the present study was designed to investigate if the use of this dietary spice would be effective in reducing incidence of CVD in HFD-fed male rats. Materials and Methods Experimental animals This study was performed on male albino rats of Wistar strain, initially weighing 175 ± 5 g. Rats were obtained from the Institute of Ophthalmic Disease Research, Cairo. Egypt. They were housed in stainless steel cages at a well ventilated animal house. Rats were permitted adequate standard diet and given water ad libitum for one week of acclimatization period prior to the experimental work. Chemicals Curcumin [1.7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5dione] the active constituent of the dietary spice turmeric was purchased from El-gomhoriaCompany for Chemicals, Mansoura, Egypt. All other reagents were of analytical grade and were purchased from local standard suppliers. Research design After one week of acclimatization, rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. The first was considered as control group, in which rats received normal laboratory diet (NLD) without supplementation. The second group was fed NLD and received 5% DMSO orally as

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Water nitrate pollution has been demonstrated to induce pancreatic toxicity, with increased risk of developing diabetes and exocrine pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to evaluate mechanisms that lead to pancreatic toxicity in nitrate exposed young and adult male rats, as well as the preventive effect of fenugreek seeds against these changes. Nitrate exposure of both ages showed almost identical changes, including significant reduction in serum insulin with elevation in blood glycosylated hemoglobin , serum glucose , acid phosphatase, α-amylase and pancreatic tumor marker (carcinoembryonic antigen),indicating a tendency for developing diabetes, in association with pancreatic cancer which seemed of greatest value in the young group. An elevation in pancreas levels of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, with a reduction in the antioxidants; superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as glutathione and its metabolizing enzymes; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and-glutamyl transferase were also demonstrated. This goes with marked changes in insulin gene profile, as indicated by appearance of new band with a molecular weight 275 bp and absence of three (1100, 825 and 750) bands as compared to the control of each age. Feeding fenugreek seeds powder to all nitrate exposed rats prevented changes in serum glucose, insulin, pancreatic tumor marker, oxidative stress biomarkers and insulin gene profile, indicating effectiveness of this plant to elicit cyto-protection against nitrate-induced pancreatic toxicity, probably through its antioxidant properties.

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