This unique coating could be implemented into practice for safer and faster treatment to the benefit of both patient and clinician.

Background and Aim: Facial features are different depending on gender and race. These features are usually studied in profile view. Angular evaluation of the facial soft tissue profile is important in males and females of different races for correct diagnosis and treatment planning. For this reason, in the present study, we measured the facial profile angles in young adults in Zanjan. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the photographs of 35 males and 35 females between 16 to 30 years were studied. The patients had class I malocclusion without a history of trauma, plastic surgery, or previous orthodontic treatment. Using AutoCAD software (version 2015), 12 angles were measured on the facial profile view photographs. Student t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: There were significant differences between males and females in four angles namely the nasal angle, angle of the nasal dorsum, angle of the inferior facial third, and angle of facial convexity (P<0.05). The nasal angle in females was larger than that in males, but the angle of the nasal dorsum, angle of the inferior facial third, and angle of facial convexity were wider in males. Other angles did not show any significant difference between males and females. Conclusion:In the present study, soft tissue facial measurements were performed by means of photogrammetric analysis to help orthodontists carry out quantitative evaluations and make disciplined decisions. The mean values obtained can also be used for studies comparing the records of participants with the same characteristics in other ethnicities.

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Background: Following the morphological features of different races and ethnic groups, knowledge of standard dentofacial patterns of each ethnic group is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to explain cephalometric standards for the Zanjanian population according to Downs' analysis and compare them to Caucasian individuals. Methods: Seventy lateral cephalometries of Zanjanian adults (17 - 29 years old) who had been referred to a private orthodontic office in Zanjan, Iran with class I molar and canine relationship and normal overjet and overbite as well as minimum crowding/spacing/rotations were scanned and traced with the Novatech scanner and Dolphin software version 10. Next, statistical analyses were performed in order to compare the Zanjanian population to Caucasians. Results: We found a significant difference between males and females in terms of interincisal angle, incisor-occlusal angle, incisor-mandibular plane angle, upper incisor proclination, facial angle, and angle of convexity. Discussion: The analysis of six statistically significant parameters indicates that the upper and lower incisors in women of Zanjan were proclined and protruded compared with those of Caucasian subjects. Due to the statistical analysis on facial angle and angle of convexity, women also show more maxillary prognathism and skeletal class II pattern. Generally, a comparison of Zanjanian population cephalometrics based on Downs' analysis showed an increase in maxillary prognathism, maxillary and mandibular incisal protrusion and posterior rotation of the mandible. Conclusions: In conclusion, the Zanjanian population tends to have more dental and skeletal class II patterns than the Caucasians. In addition, gender comparison indicates lower and upper-incisors protrusion in women of Zanjan.

Introduction: Researchers have been interested in the relationship between sella turcica bridging and various dental anomalies. This study investigates the association of sella turcica bridging and morphologic characteristics with the palatally impacted canine tooth.Materials and Methods:  Orthodontic records with high-quality lateral cephalometric and panoramic images were chosen. The study comprised 30 patients with palatally impacted canines (17 females and 13 males) and 30 controls with erupted canines (15 males and 15 females). The measurements were performed using the SCANORA 5.2.6 software. Further, the relevant data was collected and analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to investigate data after their validation, with t-tests and chi-square tests to compare the two groups. The regression test was used to lessen the effects of confounding variables.Results: In the study group, 5 patients had type III sella turcica bridging, whereas 2 patients in the control group had type III sella turcica bridging. Results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P-value=0.017). In the study group, the interclinoid distance and canine tooth angle were significantly lower than the control group (P-value=0.001, P-value=0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the depth and anterior-posterior diameter of sella turcica between the two groups (P-value=0.543, P-value=0.766). In terms of age (P-value = 0.400) and gender (P-value = 0.605), there was no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusions: The palatally canine impaction may be associated with the bridging of the sella turcica. Therefore, sella turcica bridging can be used as a diagnostic parameter for palatally canine impaction.

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Background: Available information suggests that pregnant women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis may be at increased risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight (LBW). This study evaluated the association between T. vaginalis infection and the risk of LBW.Methods: In this cohort study, we evaluated 1000 pregnant women (gestational age ≥ 28weeks) for trichomoniasis by using direct and culture methods at the time of delivery at two hospitals of Zanjan, Iran. All the infected women (33 cases) and non-infected women (107) who had been selected with purposive quota sampling were compared with each other. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic and obstetric parameters. Consequently, infants' weights were recorded using mothers' files.Results: The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection was 3.3% (33 cases). Mean gestational age of the infected women at the time of delivery was significantly less than the non-infected (36.5 ± 4.5 weeks vs. 39 ± 1.9 weeks; P= 0.009). Higher parity, and living in city were significantly associated with the increased risk of vaginal trichomoniasis (P< 0.05). No significant association was found between the T. vaginalis infection and degree of education, type of delivery, family income, and frequency of LBW. Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that, T. vaginalis infection may be associated with lowgestational age and higher parity at the time of delivery. However, no significant association was found between the T. vaginalis infection and LBW in the third trimester of pregnancy.

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