Angular Photogrammetric Analysis of the Soft Tissue Facial Profile and Sexual Dimorphism in Young Adults in Zanjan

Abstract

Background and Aim: Facial features are different depending on gender and race. These features are usually studied in profile view. Angular evaluation of the facial soft tissue profile is important in males and females of different races for correct diagnosis and treatment planning. For this reason, in the present study, we measured the facial profile angles in young adults in Zanjan. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the photographs of 35 males and 35 females between 16 to 30 years were studied. The patients had class I malocclusion without a history of trauma, plastic surgery, or previous orthodontic treatment. Using AutoCAD software (version 2015), 12 angles were measured on the facial profile view photographs. Student t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: There were significant differences between males and females in four angles namely the nasal angle, angle of the nasal dorsum, angle of the inferior facial third, and angle of facial convexity (P<0.05). The nasal angle in females was larger than that in males, but the angle of the nasal dorsum, angle of the inferior facial third, and angle of facial convexity were wider in males. Other angles did not show any significant difference between males and females. Conclusion:In the present study, soft tissue facial measurements were performed by means of photogrammetric analysis to help orthodontists carry out quantitative evaluations and make disciplined decisions. The mean values obtained can also be used for studies comparing the records of participants with the same characteristics in other ethnicities.

Assessment of the Relation Between Craniofacial Tissue Profile-Morphology and Dermatoglyphics

“…48 Results of similar studies assessing different regions and populations have also been reported. 40,[42][43][44]46,[51][52][53] The soft tissue total convexity (Gl-Prn-Pg) angle mean values obtained from females and males in our study seem to be compatible with the measurement average results of some studies. 40,42,43,52 In contrast, although the results were obtained from the same population, they differ from the results of Malkoç et al 48 .…”

“…Soft tissue total convexity facial angle (Gl-Prn-Pg) measurement studies were carried out in the Anatolian population among different age groups including adolescents50 and adults 48. Results of similar studies assessing different regions and populations have also been reported 40,42–44,46,51–53. The soft tissue total convexity (Gl-Prn-Pg) angle mean values obtained from females and males in our study seem to be compatible with the measurement average results of some studies 40,42,43,52.…”