Background The global spread of terbinafine‐resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes with point mutations in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene is a big concern. Aim The present study presents a series of unusual familial cases of generalized dermatophytosis caused by multidrug‐resistant T. mentagrophytes genotype VIII. Methods Initially, the skin samples of each patient were taken and then subjected to direct microscopy and culture in Mycosel Agar. The molecular identification of Trichophyton species (spp.) was performed for all family members. In addition, the immunologic tests were requested, and an antifungal susceptibility test was carried out using the broth microdilution protocol based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38, third edition. The SQLE gene for a terbinafine‐resistant T. mentagrophytes genotype VIII was sequenced and confirmed its nucleotide sequence to KU242352 as a susceptible strain. Results Based on the results of mycological examination and ITS rDNA sequencing, the etiologic agent was identified as T. mentagrophytes as a zoophilic dermatophyte. This species showed multiple drug resistance in vitro against terbinafine (minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs ≥8 µg/ml), itraconazole (MIC ≥4), and fluconazole (MIC ≥16). The SQLE gene of the isolate was subjected to sequencing for mutation, which showed a point mutation as TTC/TTA in the gene leading to Phe397Leu amino acid substitution in the enzyme. Only one of the family members responded to itraconazole and was cured after the long‐term use of itraconazole. Other family members were treated with oral voriconazole with no recurrence. Conclusion The transmission of this resistant T. mentagrophytes to other countries due to globalization is a serious issue to be considered.

Traditional alkaline soap increased TEWL and skin erythema, which are signs of prolonged damage to the skin barrier. However, the effects of other formulations were transient, and TEWL returned to baseline at 72 hours. Creamy soap even showed a relative protective effect (decrease in erythema index compared to baseline), probably due to the lanolin content of the formulation.

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Introduction and Objective:Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous preparation of platelets in concentrated plasma. The platelet is a natural source of different growth factors and cytokines. These growth factors act on stem cells in the bulge area of the follicles and stimulate the development of new follicles, and promote neovascularization. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of PRP injections in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men.Patients and Methods:Fifteen male patients (mean age: 39 ± 9.7 years) with AGA grades III–VI were enrolled in the study. Five injections of 2–4 ml PRP (Regenlab PRP Kit-RegenACR®, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne Switzerland) by single spin process were administered every 2 weeks. Standard photographs, trichogram, and measurement of hair density and diameter in an area marked with a tattoo (with digital photographic hair analyzer) were done at baseline and 3 months after the last injection. In addition, patients completed a patient satisfaction questionnaire at each visit on a −2 to +2 score (−2: much worse, −1: slightly worse, 0: without change, +1: slightly better, +2: much better).Results:Thirteen patients completed the study. The number of hairs increased slightly from 149.62 ± 49.56 to 168.46 ± 43.703/cm2, however, this increase was not statistically significant (P = 0.24). On the other hand, the thickness of hairs decreased from 0.051 ± 0.105 to 0.045 ± 0.011 mm, which was also not significant (P = 0.37). There was a significant decrease in anagen hairs and increase in telogen hairs, and anagen/telogen ratio decreased significantly from 6.38 ± 4.57 to 2.67 ± 1.87 (P = 0.003).Conclusion:Our study could not show any benefit from PRP injections in the treatment of male AGA. There is a strong need for well-designed, randomized controlled trials with large sample size, proper control group, standard treatment protocols (concerning the amount, number and interval of PRP injections, method of preparation and activation, etc.), and long follow-up periods to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PRP in the treatment of male AGA.

Dental professionals are predisposed to a number of occupational hazards. These include exposure to infections (including Human Immunodeficiency Virus and viral hepatitis); percutaneous exposure incidents, dental materials, radiation, and noise; musculoskeletal disorders; psychological problems and dermatitis; respiratory disorders; and eye insults. Percutaneous exposure incidents remain a main concern, as exposure to serious infectious agents is a virtual risk. Minimizing percutaneous exposure incidents and their consequences should continue to be considered, including sound infection control practices, continuing education, and hepatitis B vaccination. Basically, for any infection control strategies, dentists should be aware of individual protective measures and appropriate sterilization or other high-level disinfection utilities. Strained posture at work disturbs the musculoskeletal alignment and leads to stooped spine. The stooped posture also involved certain groups of muscles and joints. This may lead to diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Continuous educating and appropriate intervention studies are needed to reduce the complication of these hazards. So, it is important for dentists to remain constantly up-to-date about measures on how to deal with newer strategies and dental materials, and implicates the need for special medical care for this professional group.

Background: Spironolactone is an effective treatment for female patients with acne vulgaris. However, topical spironolactone could be a valuable treatment option in both male and female acne patients due to the less possibility of systemic side effects with its topical formulation.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5% spironolactone cream in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.Methods: In this pilot clinical trial, topical spironolactone 5% was evaluated to treat patients with mild to moderate acne twice a day for 8 weeks. The rate of improvement as any alterations in the number of open and closed comedones, facial inflammatory papules, and acne global grading scores were assessed. Moreover, skin biometric characteristics including skin hydration, erythema, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), pH, sebum, and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria activity were also assessed following the treatment.Results: Fifteen patients participated in our study with a mean age of 25 ± 4.87 years old. A total of 66.6% (n = 10) were female and 33.4% (n = 5) were male. The number of acne papules, open and closed comedones, and acne global grading score decreased significantly 4 and 8 weeks after the beginning of treatment (P < .05). No considerable side effect was reported. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the skin hydration, melanin, erythema, TEWL, pH index, sebum, and P acnes bacteria activity before, 4, and 8 weeks after the treatment with topical spironolactone cream (P > .05). Conclusion:The topical 5% spironolactone cream seems to be an effective and safe treatment of acne vulgaris in both male and female patients.

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As COVID‐19 vaccination has started worldwide to control this pandemic, dermatologists may face various challenges with these new vaccines. In this manuscript, we review different types of available COVID‐19 vaccines and their various production platforms. Vaccination considerations in patients with skin diseases, especially those using immunomodulatory drugs will be presented. Finally, adverse cutaneous reactions of COVID‐19 vaccines will be reviewed.