Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of ground whole hens in broiler starting diets processed through an extruder. In both experiments, the extruded whole hen diet improved growth rate and feed conversion in broiler chicks when compared with the unextruded corn-soybean meal diet There were no differences (PS.05) in body weight, feed consumption, or feed conversion performance of chicks fed diets in either the extruded or unextruded form. No microorganism colonies were found, using total aerobic plate count, when feed was extruded at 132 or 140 C. These results demonstrate that extrusion technology can be used to process diets containing freshly ground whole hens to produce a nutritionally adequate broiler diet and that the whole hens can be included at 9.3% (dry basis) in a broiler diet Considerable variation was found for DM, CP, and crude fat percentages among samples of both culled and dead hens collected from a commercial laying operation. The magnitude of mis variation emphasizes the need to evaluate critically the chemical composition of hens if they are to be used as a feedstuff.(Key words: whole hen, extrusion, spent hen use, feedstuff, by-products) 1991 Poultry Science 70:234-240

This paper examines some issues related to the production and marketing of kiwi in Arunachal Pradesh, the largest producer of kiwis in India. It contributes 56.5% of the total 8.5 thousand tons of kiwis produced in the country. India imports 75% of its domestic demand for fresh kiwis and, therefore, there is huge scope to upscale kiwi production in northeastern states in general and Arunachal Pradesh in particular. However, developing an efficient value chain is a challenge because of several infrastructural and institutional constraints like the non-availability of reliable data on production, lack of research and extension support, lack of organized marketing and post-harvest infrastructure, poor credit support, etc. A few solutions suggested for upscaling the kiwi production are : the formation of 'Kiwi Producers Groups (KPGs)', a dedicated research centre for kiwi, and sufficient credit flow to farmers .

Objective: The experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of inorganic trace minerals (ITM) and three forms of organic trace minerals (OTM) (propionate, metho-chelated, and proteinate) on growth performance, edible meat yield, immunity, and profitability of commercial broilers. Materials and methods: A corn-soya based mash diet comprising four treatments each of 10 replicates were fed to 720 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks for 35 days (starter diet 0–21 days and grower diet 22–35 days). The diets for comparison were as follows: diet 1: control diet with ITM premix at 1 kg/ton of feed (T 1 ); diet 2: control diet supplemented with propionate trace minerals at 600 gm/ton (T 2 ); diet 3: control diet supplemented with metho-chelated trace minerals at 500 gm/ton by reducing 225 gm methionine/ton of feed (T 3 ); and diet 4: control diet supplemented with proteinate trace minerals at 500 gm/ton of feed (T 4 ). Growth performance, carcass yield, and antibody titer (AT) data were recorded. Data were analyzed and interpreted using SAS Computer Package Program version 9.1. Results: Feeding propionate and proteinate OTM showed similar performance. Birds fed these two types (propionate and proteinate) or OTM had better performance in comparison with those receiving ITM and metho-chelated one. Proteinate group produced more wing meat and propionate group showed higher breast and drumstick meat yield as compared with those received the metho-chelated trace mineral and ITM. The birds belonging to OTM groups showed significantly higher AT level against infectious bursal disease. Proteinate minerals groups showed higher profitability followed by propionate fed broilers. Conclusion: Two forms of OTM, propionate and proteinate improved performance of commercial broilers over those of ITM and metho-chelated one.

analysis of the ovary of black Bengal goat (Capra hircus). Int. J. Morphol., 34(1):13-16, 2016. SUMMARY:Ovary plays the vital role in the reproductive biology and biotechnology of female animals. With the aim to study the ovarian morphometry of Black Bengal goat, both right and left ovaries were collected from the slaughter houses of different Thanas under Mymensingh district. For each of the specimens, gross parameters such as weight, length and width were recorded. Then they were processed and stained with H & E for histomorphometry. Our study revealed that the right ovary (0.53±0.02 g) was heavier than the left (0.52±0.02 g). The length of the right ovary (1.26±0.04 cm) was lower than the left (1.28±0.02 cm) but the width of the right (0.94±0.02 cm) was greater than the left (0.90±0.03 cm). The diameter of ovarian follicles in the cortex was measured as primordial 39.6±6.61 µm, primary single layer 54.0±4.06 µm, primary multi layer 147.6±11.04 µm, secondary with C-shaped antrum 449.5±75.71 µm and tertiary follicle of ovary 1.3±0.20 mm. In the graffian follicle, the thickness of granulosa cell layer was 79.2±11.04 µm, theca interna 75.76±6.82 µm, theca externa 130.07±12.53 µm and the oocyte diameter was 109.8±5.75 µm. These results will be helpful to manipulate ovarian functions in small ruminants.

Summary We have operated on 25 patients for correction of foot-drop due to leprosy from March 1992 to July 1994. The method used was circumtibial transfer of the tibialis posterior to the tendons of extensor hellucis longus and the extensor digitorum longus in the fo ot together with lengthening of the Achilles tendon. The results were satisfactory in 20 of these cases as judged by adequate restoration of heel-toe gait and of active dorsiflexion. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 2 years. Inadequate post-operative physiotherapy was the reason for unsatisfactory results in five cases.It is well recognized that correction of fo ot-drop deformity in leprosy is essential to ensure normal walking and to prevent plantar ulcerations. This paper describes the procedure adopted and the results of surgical correction of fo ot-drop due to leprosy in 25 patients at the Leprosy Control Institute and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka in Bangladesh. The procedure adopted was the transfer of the tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle to the extensor tendons of the toes in the fo ot so as to ensure active dorsiflexion of the fo ot. 1-3 Material and methodsIn the Institute between March 1992 and July 1994 we saw 34 patients with fo ot-drop due to leprosy. Nine of these were treated conservatively and 25 were treated surgically. Of these 25 patients 20 were male and 5 female. Their ages ranged fr om 12 to 45 years. Contracture of the Achilles tendon was present in all cases. The fo llow-up period was 6 months to 2 years.