Comparative Effects of Inorganic and Three Forms of Organic Trace Minerals on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Immunity and Profitability of Broilers

Abstract

Objective: The experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of inorganic trace minerals (ITM) and three forms of organic trace minerals (OTM) (propionate, metho-chelated, and proteinate) on growth performance, edible meat yield, immunity, and profitability of commercial broilers. Materials and methods: A corn-soya based mash diet comprising four treatments each of 10 replicates were fed to 720 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks for 35 days (starter diet 0–21 days and grower diet 22–35 days). The diets for comparison were as follows: diet 1: control diet with ITM premix at 1 kg/ton of feed (T 1 ); diet 2: control diet supplemented with propionate trace minerals at 600 gm/ton (T 2 ); diet 3: control diet supplemented with metho-chelated trace minerals at 500 gm/ton by reducing 225 gm methionine/ton of feed (T 3 ); and diet 4: control diet supplemented with proteinate trace minerals at 500 gm/ton of feed (T 4 ). Growth performance, carcass yield, and antibody titer (AT) data were recorded. Data were analyzed and interpreted using SAS Computer Package Program version 9.1. Results: Feeding propionate and proteinate OTM showed similar performance. Birds fed these two types (propionate and proteinate) or OTM had better performance in comparison with those receiving ITM and metho-chelated one. Proteinate group produced more wing meat and propionate group showed higher breast and drumstick meat yield as compared with those received the metho-chelated trace mineral and ITM. The birds belonging to OTM groups showed significantly higher AT level against infectious bursal disease. Proteinate minerals groups showed higher profitability followed by propionate fed broilers. Conclusion: Two forms of OTM, propionate and proteinate improved performance of commercial broilers over those of ITM and metho-chelated one.

Nutritional significance of amino acids, vitamins and minerals as nutraceuticals in poultry production and health – a comprehensive review

“…Increased levels of minerals like zinc along with phytase in diets of poultry lead to better utilization of nutrients and enhance production performances (Akter et al 2017). Organic forms of minerals have numerous advantages over the inorganic forms, for example, proteinate and propionate organic trace minerals were found to be more effective in improving performance, immune response, and profitability in broiler birds than inorganic trace minerals (Khatun et al 2019). They may affect bioavailability and hence tissue levels thereby determining the actual concentration at sites of requirement or action.…”

“…Nutraceuticals have been in focus in poultry science quite recently due to the nutritional and healthier properties of feed ingredients and the adverse effects of chemical pharmaceuticals like antibiotic resistance and drug residues (Elnesr et al 2019a(Elnesr et al , 2020. Amino acids (Ghoreyshi et al 2019), minerals (Khatun et al 2019), and vitamins (Ahmad et al 2019) which are common ingredients of poultry ration or a combination of them (Moghaddam & Emadi 2014; Horvath & Babinsky 2018) can be nutraceuticals, especially important in poultry feeding. Generally, poultry receives nutrients through the consumption of natural feedstuffs, but some key essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan), vitamins and minerals are often offered as synthetic supplements (Ravindran 2010).…”

Effects of organic macro and trace minerals in fast and slower growing broiler breeders’ diet on offspring growth performance and tibia characteristics

“…Minerals used in poultry diets mostly consist of an inorganic form ( Van der Klis et al., 2002 ; Vieira, 2008 ). However, minerals can also be processed and bound to for example, an amino acid or a protein ( Khatun et al., 2019 ; Wang et al., 2019 ) and are then called organic minerals. Organic macro and trace minerals in broiler's diet ( Huang et al., 2009 ; Zhao et al., 2010 ) and organic trace minerals in broiler breeders’ diet ( Bao and Choct, 2009 ; Swiatkiewicz et al., 2014 ; Torres and Korver, 2018 ) have been shown to have a higher bioavailability than inorganic minerals, due to a higher chemical stability and consequently a better intestinal absorption ( Wedeking et al., 1991 ; Bao and Choct, 2009 ; Wang et al., 2019 ).…”

Supplementation of natural minerals on the performance of broiler

“…The importance of mineral elements in human, animal and plant nutrition has been well recognized (Underwood, 1971). Khatun et al, (2018) reported that two forms of organic trace minerals such as propionate and proteinate improved performance of commercial broilers over those of in-organic trace minerals. Every form of living matter requires these inorganic elements or minerals for their normal life processes (Hays and Swenson, 1985;Ozcan, 2003).…”