An rare pandemic of viral pneumonia occurs in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, which is now recognized internationally as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the etiological agent classified as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it has so far expanded to more than 213 countries/territories worldwide. Our study aims to find the viral peptides of SARS-COV-2 by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) in order to predict its novel structure and find an inhibitor for each viral peptide. For this reason, we calculated the mass of amino acid sequences translated from the SARS-CoV2 whole genome and identify the peptides that may be a target for inhibition. Molecular peptide docking with Moringa oleifera, phytochemicals (aqueous and ethanolic) leaf extracts of flavonoids (3.56 ± 0.03), (3.83 ± 0.02), anthraquinone (11.68 ± 0.04), (10.86 ± 0.06) and hydroxychloroquine present therapy of COVID-19 in Pakistan for comparative study. Results indicate that 15 peptides of SARS-CoV2 have been identified from PMF, which is then used as a selective inhibitor. The maximum energy obtained from AutoDock Vina for hydroxychloroquine is -5.1 kcal/mol, kaempferol (flavonoid) is -6.2 kcal/mol, and for anthraquinone -6 kcal/ mol. Visualization of docking complex, important effects are observed regarding the binding of peptides to drug compounds. In conclusion, it is proposed that these compounds are effective antiviral agents against COVID-19 and can be used in clinical trials.

Seed nutrients reserves have direct relationship with seed functional traits and influence offspring performance. Effects of plant density, foliage boron (B) nutrition and mepiquat chloride (MC) growth regulation on seed nutrients reserves, seed mass and production, and emergence and offspring growth traits of cotton were studied in two years field experiment. Seed nutrients reserves and seed mass were decreased at higher maternal plant density relative to lower plant density with concomitant decrease in emergence and offspring seedling growth. However, maternal foliage B nutrition and MC growth regulation enhanced seed nutrients reserves, seed mass, emergence and offspring seedling growth performance. There was a significant positive relationship between seed mass and seed nutrients reserves indicating that changes in nutrient availability/uptake in response to maternal ecological factors determine variation in seed functional traits. Nonetheless, seed mass was positively correlated with emergence percentage and negatively with emergence timing. Furthermore, variation in offspring seedling growth traits with seed mass indicated the significance of initial seed nutrients reserves for early seedling vigour and establishment. In conclusion, lower maternal plant density, B nutrition and MC growth regulation ensued in higher emergence and offspring seedling growth of cotton because of higher seed nutrient reserves and seed mass.

-A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of plant parts of Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis and soil incorporated residues on germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa). Aqueous extracts prepared from different plant parts of Alternanthera species delayed rice germination. Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis inhibited rice germination by 9-100% and 4-49%, respectively. Germination of rice seeds was reduced with increasing concentration of aqueous leaf extracts of both weed species. Early seedling growth (root and shoot lengths) and seedling vigor index were significantly reduced by 5% aqueous leaf extract compared with distilled water treated control. Germination, root and shoot lengths, root and shoot dry weights and seedling vigor index of rice were drastically reduced by 3 and 4% in residue infested soil compared with residue free soil. The inhibitory effect of A. philoxeroides in terms of germination and seedling growth of rice was greater than that of A. sessilis. Five percent aqueous leaf extract and 4% residue infested soil of A. philoxeroides caused complete failure of rice seed germination. Alternanthera philoxeroides contained water soluble phenolics, namely 4 hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid (16.19 mg L -1 ) and m-coumaric acid (1.48 mg L -1 ), whereas Alternanthera sessilis was rich in chlorogenic acid (17.85 mg L -1 ), gallic acid (11.03 mg L -1 ) and vanillic acid (9.88 mg L -1 ). The study indicates that the allelopathic potential of Alternanthera species may play an important role in enhancing the invasiveness of these species and may suppress rice plants in the vicinity.Keywords: allelopathy, Alternanthera, rice, germination/seedling growth. RESUMO -Foi realizado um estudo laboratorial para investigar o efeito alelopático de extratos aquosos de partes de plantas de Alternanthera philoxeroides e A. sessilis e dos resíduos incorporados ao solo na germinação e no crescimento de plântulas de arroz (Oryza sativa). Os extratos aquosos preparados a partir de diferentes partes das plantas das duas espécies de Alternanthera retardaram a germinação do arroz. Alternanthera philoxeroides e A. sessilis inibiram a germinação de arroz em 9-100 % e 4-49 %, respectivamente. A germinação de sementes de arroz foi reduzida com o aumento da concentração de extratos aquosos de folhas de ambas as espécies de plantas daninhas. O crescimento inicial de plântulas (comprimento da raíz e da parte aérea) e o índice de vigor

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infection of the respiratory system caused by single standard RNA viruses named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease appeared as a serious problem and the leading cause of death in human beings throughout the world. The main source of different phytochemicals are plants, which helps in the development of new drugs against various ailments. Islam is comprehensive religion and a complete code of life for Muslims. The teaching of Islam, according to the Holy Quran and Hadith are universal for the benefit of humanity. Islam believes that every ailment is from God and who made the disease definitely made its medication. There is a complete guideline with regard to taking measures against infectious diseases such as quarantine and seeking medicinal treatment. The research objective is to gather the knowledge of medicinal plants described in the Holy Quran or utilized by the Prophet (SAW) for the treatment of different ailments or advised to use them to boost immunity and strengthen the body. Scientists across the globe have found these plants beneficial for many diseases and have antiviral potential. In present study, the six plant species including Olea europaea , Nigella sativa, Allium Sativum, Allium cepa, Zingiber officinale and Cassia senna were selected which contain phytochemicals like Calcium Elenolate, Thymoquinone, S-Allylcysteine, Dipropyl Disulfide, Sesquiterpene, Monoterpene, Pelargonidin 3-Galactoside ion and Kaempferol. The phytochemicals monoterpene (from Zingiber officinale ) shows best interaction with target proteins RdRP, 3CLPro, ACE2. Calcium Elonate (from olive) bonds with 3CLPro, ACE2 and Kemoferol and Pelargomidine (from Senna Makki) bonds with RdRP, ACE2. The ligands show a unique set of intersections i.e. hydrogen bonding, and alkyl interaction. These medicinal plants can be utilized immediately for the treatment of COVID-19 as their safety is already established. This treatment can enhance recovery when combined with other treatments. Furthermore, the screening of bioactive compounds or phytochemicals found in these plants can be utilized to design new therapeutic drug to treat COVID-19 pandemic.

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IntroductionIt is a known fact that Breast cancer is a known universal disease, with an annual prevalence of 1.3 million cases each year, accounts for more than 23 diseases among all malignancies Breast cancer is more common. In spite of major advances and treatments in its early detection, breast carcinoma still remains a significant reason for morbidity and mortality of women around the world [1]. Breast cancer is the second leading reason behind the death of most females. The most common measure of the treatment of breast cancer is surgery typically followed by adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy, but in a few cases, only medication is given along with radiotherapy [2]. About 70% of breast cancers express mutations in estrogen receptor (ER), while most of the breast cancers demonstrate sensitivity to the inhibition of ER. However, due to unknown facts and reasons, several tumors become unmanageable to ER inhibition during metastatic breast cancer [3].Estrogen receptors are the member of the nuclear receptor family, thus tend to act as a ligand-activated transcription factors. The binding of ligand prompts a conformational change in the receptor, which results in its translocation into the nucleus, thus activates transcription of several target genes [4]. Mutations of Esterogen Receptor (ESR1) affect its ligand-binding domain. ESR1 are a key mechanism in accomplishing endocrine resistance in breast carcinoma therapy. The ordinary mutations occur in ER Ligand binding domain results in mutations of Tyrosine/Serionine/Aspargin 537, Asp 538, Glycine, Glutamine, Leucine 536, Methionine 543, Leucine 544 and Aspartic acid 531 amino acid residues [5]. Hormone therapy is usually accustomed to inhibit estrogen receptor signal or block ER production. It is at first effective within the roughly seventy percent of patients with breast carcinoma, who have ER-positive tumors; however, several Abstract Background: Mutations of Estrogen receptors 1 affect its ligand-binding domain and results in the formation of breast cancer. Breast cancer is a known universal disease and the second leading reason behind the death of most females. About 70% of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor. This study was undertaken to realize perceptions into molecular mechanisms and structural necessities that are crucial for potential inhibition of ESR1. Methods:In this research ESR1 proteins were selected and pharmacophore models were generated, virtual screening was done to obtain hit compounds against reference shared feature pharmacophore, the hit compounds were docked with ESR1 proteins. Results:The pharmacophore displayed three main features Hydrogen bond acceptor, Hydrogen bond donor and aromatic rings. 10 hit compounds were obtained by virtual screening; compounds were further sorted for Lipinski rule of five before docking. Compounds that fulfill all properties of Lipinski rule of five were docked with proteins, 3 compounds demonstrated ideal docking results. They fit appropriately in the pocket of proteins which ...

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Alternanthera species are invasive aquatic/semi-aquatic weeds posing a serious threat to agro-biodiversity in several countries in the world. The present study was conducted to assess the phytotoxic effects of Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis residues on emergence and early seedling growth traits of rice (Oryza sativa). Soil was prepared with 4% (w/w) Alternanthera species residues separately and allowed to decay for 0, 15 and 30 days. Rice emergence was significantly decreased but increase in mean emergence time and time to 50% emergence was observed in soils modified with Alternanthera species residues compared with seed sown in unmodified soils. Rice emergence was reduced to 50-67% and 52-75% by A. sessilis and A. philoxeroides, respectively. A significant reduction in rice root, shoot length, and biomass was also noted with Alternanthera-infested soil. Total phenolics increased with increasing residue decay time in both species thereby showing their direct interaction with emergence and seedling traits of rice. The phenolic compounds identified were namely Quercitin, Chlorogenic acid, P-Coumeric acid, Trans-4-hydroxy3-methoxy, Cinamic acid, Caffeic acid, Syringic acid, Sinapic acid, Vanillic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid.