Radiometric analysis of rock and soil samples of Leepa Valley; Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

Rafique, Muhammad; Jabbar, Abdul; Khan, Abdul Rehman; Rahman, Saeed Ur; Basharat, Muhammad; Mehmood, Azhar; Matiullah,

doi:10.1007/s10967-013-2681-x

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Wide variation in the data about natural radioactivity has been found, which may be the reflection of geological formations, geographical conditions, soil types, climatic conditions and climatic distinctiveness (Faheem & Mujahid, 2008;Malik, Akram, & Rajput, 2011;Rafique et al, 2013). Maximum values of 238 U, 232 Th, 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 40 K in soil samples were reported 799 Bq kg À1 , 1806 Bq kg À1 , 434,000 Bq kg À1 , 479,000 Bq kg À1 and 2632.2 Bq kg À1 , respectively, while minimum were reported 2 Bq kg À1 , 2 Bq kg À1 , 3 Bq kg À1 , 4 Bq kg À1 and 6 Bq kg À1 , respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on measurements of natural radioactivity in Malaysia

Ahmad

Jaafar

Bakhash

et al. 2015

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

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NaISoil Radioactivity a b s t r a c t Humans are always exposed during their lives to ionizing radiation arising outside and within the earth. The exposure to these radiation occurs from natural sources such as radioactive elements in rocks and soil, internal exposure form radioactive elements through water, food and air and cosmic rays entering from outer space to earth's atmosphere. About 87% of the radiation dose received by human beings is due to natural radiation, it is essential to assess the radiation doses in order to control possible health effects from such natural sources. In this regard, a number of articles have been appeared for Malaysia in international research journals, which have been reviewed and complied in this article. Most of these articles are about the measurement of activity concentrations of primordial ( 238 U, 232 Th, 226 Ra and 40 K) and anthropogenic ( 137 Cs) radionuclide's and gamma dose rate in environmental samples using HPGe and NaI (Tl) survey meter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on measurements of natural radioactivity in Malaysia

Ahmad

Jaafar

Bakhash

et al. 2015

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

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“…The high D γ values near the tailings reservoir were caused by the high U and Ra concentrations. This D γ result was much higher than the average values of 53, 56, 76, 84, 66 and 62 nGy h −1 obtained in Japan, India, Spain, Portugal, Pakistan and China, respectively [12,42,43]. It is also much higher than the worldwide average of 57 nGyh −1 [12].…”

Section: Radiological Hazard Assessment Of the Soilmentioning

confidence: 67%

Determination of radionuclide concentration and radiological hazard in soil and water near the uranium tailings reservoir in China

Liu

Wei-bo

Gao

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability

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Radioactive levels and radiological hazard assessment associated with exposure to radionuclides from uranium tailings were investigated in this study. Herein, the concentrations of 238 U, 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K in 36 samples including 25 soil and 11 water samples were measured using a low background HPGe semiconductor detector. The radionuclide concentrations were much lower outside the tailings reservoir than inside the reservoir; however, both exceeded the national average and world average values. The mean concentrations of 238 U, 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K in water samples were higher than the WHO guideline levels. The radionuclide transfer factors showed that the radionuclides in soil of the tailings enter the surrounding water. Additionally, the radiological hazard indices around the reservoir were much higher than the worldwide average. Results suggest that the high level of radiation in the tailings reservoir posed a potential threat to the health of the local residents.

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“…The relative efficiency of the detector was 30% and the resolution 2.23 keV at 1332 gamma-rays of 60 Co. The used detector was equipped with 8192-channels and it was shielded in an 8 cm lead chamber with an inner lining of 0.5 cm thick copper plate to reduce the background [11][12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 K was analyzed by its single peak of 1460 keV. However, the analysis of 238 U and 232 Th was based upon the peaks of progeny in equilibrium with their parent radionuclides [11][12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Annual Effective Dose from Measured Soil Radioactivity Levels Using HPGe Detector

Mehdi¹,

Rahman²,

Khan³

et al. 2016

ujes

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Human beings are persistently exposed to ionizing radiation caused by terrestrial, extra-terrestrial and anthropogenic radionuclides. In order to assess the risks associated with exposure due to the natural radioactivity in soil, a radiological environmental monitoring survey was carried out in district Chakwal. In the present study, activities of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K are measured in soil samples using an HPGe based gamma spectrometry system. The measured mean specific radioactivity concentration of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in the studied samples was 31.08 ± 1.2 Bqkg-1 , 47.67 ± 2.30 Bqkg-1 and 558.23 ± 17.52 Bqkg-1 , respectively. From the measured activity concentration, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indices, terrestrial absorbed dose and annual effective dose were calculated. Mean radium equivalent activity (Ra eq), outdoor radiation hazard index (H ex), indoor radiation hazard index (H in) and absorbed dose rate (D) for the area under study were determined as 142.18 Bqkg-1 , 0.38, 0.47 and 66.13 nGyh-1 respectively. The annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) varied in the range from 0.10 mSv y-1 to 0.16 mSv y-1. On the basis of measured activity and calculated values of hazards indices, it is concluded that the surveyed area does not pose any significant radiological risk to the population and environment.

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Radiometric analysis of rock and soil samples of Leepa Valley; Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

An overview on measurements of natural radioactivity in Malaysia

An overview on measurements of natural radioactivity in Malaysia

Determination of radionuclide concentration and radiological hazard in soil and water near the uranium tailings reservoir in China

Assessment of Annual Effective Dose from Measured Soil Radioactivity Levels Using HPGe Detector

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