Recently, the development of conversational system as a medium of conversation between human and computer have made a great stride. This human and computer communication has covered the way for enormous natural language processing techniques. A chatbot is a computer system that allows human to interact with computer using natural language. The chatbots system are widely used in various field such as in businesses, education, healthcare and many more. The design and development of chatbots involves variety of techniques. Therefore, in this paper, we presents the review of techniques used to design Chatbots. A few examples of chatbots design is also discussed to give an understanding on how chatbots works and what are the type of approaches available for chatbots development. With rapid development in Chatbots technology, it is hoped that it could complement human constraints and optimize the productivity.
An ageing population is a universal phenomenon experienced worldwide. In parallel with these demographic changes, a significant breakthrough in digital devices has also influenced this digital age. Designing instructional strategies to promote meaningful learning among older adult learners has been a long-standing challenge. To enhance older adults’ life-long learning experiences, implementing instructional strategies in the process through which such adults learn can help to improve effective learning. Despite significant calls for research in this area, there is still insufficient research that systematically reviews the existing literature on older adult learning needs and preferences. Hence, in the present article, a systematic literature review was conducted of the effectiveness of instructional strategies designed for older adult learners through the use of digital technologies. The review was guided by the publication standard, which is ROSES (Reporting Standard for Systematic Evidence Syntheses). This study involves articles selected from two established databases, Web of Science and Scopus. Data from the articles were then analysed using the thematic analysis, which resulted in six main themes: (1) collaborative learning; (2) informal learning setting; (3) teaching aids; (4) pertinence; (5) lesson design; and (6) obtaining and providing feedback. The six main themes produced a further 15 sub-themes. The results from this study make significant contributions in the areas of instructional design and gerontology. The findings from this study highlight several important strategies of teaching digital technology, particularly for older adults, as follows: (1) to enhance instructional design use in teaching digital technology based on the needs and preferences of older adult learners; and (2) to highlight the factors for, and impact of, learning digital technologies among older adults.
Ageing populations are turning to technology in greater numbers than ever. New technology is being designed to help older people live independently for longer. Despite the usefulness of mobile phones especially older people, the current problems with its complex features and interface designs have intimidated some older people users from using the device. The authors wished to explore exposure to the real-world technology needs of older people by evaluating the mobile phones use among them. Although numerous studies have been reported on the various benefits of interviewing in HumanComputer Interaction (HCI) research, little is known about preparatory interviewing in engaging with ageing population. The purpose of this study was to explore the interviewing technique in eliciting requirements from older people. A qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews were used with a sample size of seven Malaysian elders. This paper reports interview experience with the older people. The results suggest that the interviewing guidelines are recommended to be applied in the future research on HCI and older people.
Abstract-The scenario of rapid development in Information Communication Technology and the increasing population of older people in this twenty-first century has urged more Human Computer Interaction researchers to endeavour study pertaining how technology can assist older people in their lives. Older adult generally experience some significant changes as they grow older including physical, cognitive and behavioural changes. The increasing number of older people globally motivates researches to find out how web technology can help the older people in their daily activities instead of their disability. Therefore, a total number of 14 older people were invited to attend a web technology workshop and learn how to use the government application known as MyEG and a social network application which is Facebook. Through researchers' observation, older people prefer to use applications that they are interested in and easy to use. Learning method is even better using face to face coaching and ample time is needed in understanding new technology. Besides, older people need additional tools such as notes to help them remember things they learn easily. This study can be extended in future to identify the preferable method and technology design to teach older people using not only Web technology but the mobile applications as well.
Gathering user requirements for older adults can be a complex and difficult process, in terms of working with them should be applied differently compared to general users. The agerelated ability changes are sensitive to be discussed and sometimes, the unwillingness might occur in this requirements gathering stage. It is important to underscore the importance and significance of this research in the light of proper requirements gathering techniques in working with older adults and this situation supported by the growing trend of older users' role in technology development included for mobile phone applications. Although many of the existing mobile applications are widely used and covers many aspects of daily routines included for spiritual-oriented mobile applications, there is still lacking of the mobile applications that have been used are well suited to older adult users. The study found that older adults were able to learn and use mobile spiritual apps. However, the methods of requirements gathering should be applied in an appropriate way, since religious and spirituality experiences are sensitive to be discussed in the public. This paper reports on a multi-method research effort that employed cultural probe workshop, written daily activity diaries, interviews, and participant observations to explore about mobile spiritual application use amongst older adults in Malaysia. The results are presented by reflecting on the authors' experience which highlight some suggestions on how cultural probe workshop and diary study activities may support the process of gathering user requirements for mobile spiritual applications amongst older adults.
Digital health technologies are being increasingly developed with the aim of allowing older adults to maintain functional independence throughout the old age, a process known as healthy ageing. Such digital health technologies for healthy ageing are expected to mitigate the pandemic effects and improve the quality of life of older adults. However, digital health technology diffusion is still in its early stage and there is slow rate of adoption among elderly people. Little is known regarding the needs of older adults regarding digital health technologies during pandemic. More reviews are needed to investigate on this issue so that engagement strategies for a better-quality digital health solution can be develop for promoting healthy ageing later. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review on the perceptions and digital health technologies usage among older adults for healthy ageing during the COVID-19 epidemic. Summary of digital health technologies issues and recommended strategies for older adults is also presented. Related studies from the articles will be reviewed to highlights potential rooms for improvement for digital health technologies usage within older adults.
The increasing number of aging populations worldwide versus vast developments in mobile technology creates questions on how older adults adapt and apply mobile technology in their daily life. This research focused on spiritual user experience for older adult users because older adults are claimed to be more spiritually inclined as they aged. Despite high profile calls for research in the area of spirituality, the research pertaining spirituality in HCI is still in infancy state. Recent literatures discover most studies focus on design for spiritual user experience and evaluation of spiritual application for adult users, but fundamental of spirituality and its elements from the view of user experience is limited. Therefore, this study employs qualitative method approach within an interpretive paradigm to propose a model for Spiritual User Experience from the perspective of Islamic older adult users. The Geneva Emotional Musical Scale (GEMS) was adopted as a theoretical lens in order to gain deeper insights on the spirituality elements. A single case study was conducted with the total of 11 participants to research on the spirituality user experience elements among older adults. The triangulation of qualitative data collection through 3E diary, interviews and observations was conducted. All data were analyzed verbatimly using thematic analysis. Six themes emerged from the analysis which are effectiveness, efficiency, learnability, satisfaction, sublimity and vitality. These themes are further categorized into 10 attributes; effectiveness (accessibility features), efficiency (simplicity and portability), learnability, satisfaction (attractiveness and reliability), sublimity (transcendence and peacefulness) and vitality (energy and joyful activation). These are embedded into a model known as Spiritual User Experience (iSUX) which are evaluated by the Islamic religious experts, user experience expert and older adult's representatives. This model could be a reference for spiritual model development apps among developers and provide understanding for researchers in the HCI domain. In conclusion, the Spiritual User Experience (iSUX) is hope to increase the understanding of spirituality from the domain of user experience.
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