2-step chemical cleaning allows enhanced removal of polymeric residues from the surface of graphene, leading to significantly improved electrical and morphological properties.

No abstract

Bioceramics are materials which include Alumina, Zirconia, Bioactive glass, Glass ceramics, Hydroxy apatite, resorbable calcium phosphate. They have been used in dentistry as root repair materials, apicall filling materials, perforation sealing, for filling up bony defects, as endodontic sealers and as aids in regeneration. They have similarity to hydroxyapatite, an intrinsic Osteo conductive activity and have an ability to induce regenerative responses in the human body. This review focuses on overview of bio ceramics, classification and their advantages. It also gives a detailed insight into individual bio ceramic materials currently used in the field of endodontics along with their properties and applications.

Aims: Aim is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of Intentional Replantation of teeth utilizing Atraumatic extraction technique and Biodentin as root end restorative material Materials and Methods: Any patients irrespective of age & sex who reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, D. J. College of Dental Sciences & Research with the post endodontic treatment periapical pathology where orthograde retreatment and apical surgery was unfeasible or declined by patients and where extraction be the last resort was selected for the procedure. Informed consent was taken. Retention and healed status without complications (periapical radiolucency, external root resorption, ankylosis, signs/symptoms, probing <6 mm) was recorded and analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression model (P < .05). Bivariate associations of the investigated variables with the main complications (ankylosis, periapical radiolucency, external root resorption) evaluated.  Results: Cumulative healed rates from 60% at 6 months to 92% at 12months seen. Complications leading to extraction observed in 1 of 15 attending teeth. The Kaplan-Meier survival function suggested an expected 1-year cumulative retention rate of 92%. Among the 15 teeth, 1 tooth with complication was due to persistent periapical radiolucency and mobility. Null hypothesis was that IR is to preserve the natural dentition, there by upholding the main goal of Conservative treatment. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, after analyzing the results and obtaining a complete follow up of 12 months radiographically and clinically, it can be concluded that Intentional replantation is an alternative treatment and should be included in the savior procedures as it has shown a success rate of 92%. Keywords: endodontic complications, intentional replantation, physics forceps, Biodentin

The main goal of endodontic treatment should be to focus on the predictable elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system. Irrigation has become a critical component of adequate root canal treatment. To obtain the goal of safe and effective irrigation methods this article review is to give a brief idea about irrigation devices and recent methods of irrigation. The irrigation process is often dismissed during endodontic treatment, must not be overlooked. It is one of the major keys of success for endodontic treatment.

Competing in a high-pressure business scenario has become a challenge for retailers. As an effective alternative, sales channel sellers are looking at the internet, which gives them direct access to target customers. Online retailing is a web-enabled interface between a retailer and its target consumers for selling products and services on the web with the facility of ecommerce. These kinds of retailers are also known as e-retailers. Myntra is one of them in the market, holding a big share in the market. Almost all big retailers are now electronically present on the World Wide Web. The online shopping environment has gone through a lot of transformation and today it is still developing in a diversified way. Everybody in the world is the consumer. Each of us buys and sells or consumes goods and services in life. Consumer behavior is very complex and is determined to a large extent by social and psychological factors. Consumer behavior can be defined as those acts of individuals directly involved in obtaining, using and disposing of economic goods and services. The relevance and importance of understanding consumer behavior is rooted in modern marketing. The needs of not even two consumers are the same. Therefore, they buy only those products and services which satisfy their wants and desires. To survive in the market, a firm has to be constantly innovating and understanding the latest consumer needs and tastes. It will be extremely useful in exploiting marketing opportunities and in meeting the challenges that the Indian market offers. Myntra is a big player in online market and know its consumer base which helps it in getting more and more consumers. After collecting the data, I have reached the conclusion that customer is widely affected by four factors such as security, product availability, pricing, and delivery time. So company must ensure that these factors are managed efficiently. This study will be helpful for ecommerce companies as it also defines critical points that lead to dissatisfaction of consumers.

This case report describes the post and core treatment of a maxillary central incisor. An 18-year-old female patient reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with the chief complaint of pain in upper front tooth region. On clinical examination, there was Ellis class III fracture resulting in loss of significant tooth structure necessitating post and core treatment. Treatment was initiated with removal of carious region, canal was located, working length was established followed by chemo mechanical preparation and obturation. Post space preparation was done in the canal followed by post cementation and core build up. Keywords: Post, core, ceramic, crown lengthening.

The main goal of endodontic retreatment is cleaning and shaping of the root canal with removal of old root filling material. Hand instruments and rotary instruments are mainly used for removing this filling material; as hand instruments are time consuming and tedious so we used rotary instrumentation for removal of gutta percha. The main aim of this study is to compare the relative efficacy of three different NI TI rotary instrumentation systems for removal of gutta-percha from root canal during endodontic retreatment. Materials and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted, single-rooted human anterior teeth were instrumented with K-files, and each root canal was filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus (Dentsply Detrey, Konstanz, Germany) sealer using lateral compaction. Specimens were then divided into three experimental groups with ten specimens each. The removal of gutta-percha was performed using Pro-Taper retreatment files, Mtwo retreatment files, and Edge file XR. The amount of root canal filling material remnant in the coronal, middle and apical thirds was measured using stereomicroscope. Result: The data was evaluated statistically using analysis of variance. Pro-Taper group was found to have less remnant filling material as compared to the other groups in coronal and middle thirds, but a significant difference was observed between edge file XR and Mtwo. Conclusions: It was concluded that EDGE FILE XR, rotary retreatment system proved to be the most efficient method of removing gutta-percha and sealer in comparison to the other two retreatment files and M-TWO retreatment files required less time to remove root filling material than the other instruments.