2-step chemical cleaning allows enhanced removal of polymeric residues from the surface of graphene, leading to significantly improved electrical and morphological properties.
Bioceramics are materials which include Alumina, Zirconia, Bioactive glass, Glass ceramics, Hydroxy apatite, resorbable calcium phosphate. They have been used in dentistry as root repair materials, apicall filling materials, perforation sealing, for filling up bony defects, as endodontic sealers and as aids in regeneration. They have similarity to hydroxyapatite, an intrinsic Osteo conductive activity and have an ability to induce regenerative responses in the human body. This review focuses on overview of bio ceramics, classification and their advantages. It also gives a detailed insight into individual bio ceramic materials currently used in the field of endodontics along with their properties and applications.
Aims: Aim is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of Intentional Replantation of teeth utilizing Atraumatic extraction technique and Biodentin as root end restorative material
Materials and Methods: Any patients irrespective of age & sex who reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, D. J. College of Dental Sciences & Research with the post endodontic treatment periapical pathology where orthograde retreatment and apical surgery was unfeasible or declined by patients and where extraction be the last resort was selected for the procedure. Informed consent was taken. Retention and healed status without complications (periapical radiolucency, external root resorption, ankylosis, signs/symptoms, probing <6 mm) was recorded and analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression model (P < .05). Bivariate associations of the investigated variables with the main complications (ankylosis, periapical radiolucency, external root resorption) evaluated.
Results: Cumulative healed rates from 60% at 6 months to 92% at 12months seen. Complications leading to extraction observed in 1 of 15 attending teeth. The Kaplan-Meier survival function suggested an expected 1-year cumulative retention rate of 92%. Among the 15 teeth, 1 tooth with complication was due to persistent periapical radiolucency and mobility.
Null hypothesis was that IR is to preserve the natural dentition, there by upholding the main goal of Conservative treatment.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, after analyzing the results and obtaining a complete follow up of 12 months radiographically and clinically, it can be concluded that Intentional replantation is an alternative treatment and should be included in the savior procedures as it has shown a success rate of 92%.
Keywords: endodontic complications, intentional replantation, physics forceps, Biodentin
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