We examined the effect of mangrove, seagrass meadows, reef characteristics, and complexity of seascape heterogeneity on reef fish assemblages in Ternate, Natuna and Bintan-Indonesia. The analytical approach of seascape ecology was undertaken, using field survey data of reef fish community and maps of mangrove covers and habitat benthic. The fish data had been collected during reef health monitoring in 2015 through the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program-Coral Triangle Initiative. Map of benthic habitats and mangroves was provided by Indonesia’s data custodians in 2015-2016. Generalized Additive Models were performed to analyze non-linear and non-monotonic relationships. The results showed that mangroves and seagrasses were essential for reef fishes, and as expected, reef characteristics were also important. Accordingly, the conservations of coral reefs should consider mangrove and seagrass protection and vice versa. Therefore, this information could be considered for managers of marine protected areas (MPA) to better practice MPA management.
Perairan karang Taman Nasional Komodo merupakan wilayah penangkapan ikan dan daerah tujuan wisata laut. Kondisi tutupan karang pada umumnya sudah di bawah 50%, namun dampak yang akan muncul terhadap ikan karang belum diteliti dan hal ini dibutuhkan bagi pengelolaan kawasan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan karakteristik struktur komunitas ikan karang, meliputi komposisi, sebaran, kepadatan stok, dan biomassa ikan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2019 dengan mengunakan metode sensus bawah air pada transek garis permanen untuk masing-masing stasiun penelitian. Sensus visual mendapatkan 128 spesies ikan target dari 21 suku dan 30 spesies ikan indikator dari suku Chaetodontidae. Rata-rata kepadatan stok ikan target dan ikan indikator adalah masing-masing 182 ± 67 individu/350m2 dan 35 ± 15 individu/350m2. Ukuran panjang ikan terbanyak antara 15 cm – 30 cm. Biomassa ikan target sebesar 1.174 ± 617 kg/hektar. Ikan karang target dan ikan indikator yang memiliki sebaran luas masing-masing 13 spesies dan 2 spesies . Komposisi kehadiran jenis ikan target di lokasi penelitian hanya 3% yang berdistribusi sangat tinggi, 7% berdistribusi tinggi, 18% berdistribusi sedang, 21% berdistribusi rendah dan 51% berdistribusi sangat rendah. Sementara jenis-jenis ikan indikator yang intensitas distribusinya sangat tinggi dan tinggi hanya 7%, dan lainnya tergolong sedang (23%), rendah (40%) sampai sangat rendah (23%). Kondisi sebaran spesies diduga menyebabkan keanekaragaman ikan karang pada keseluruhan lokasi penelitian terhitung tinggi, tetapi rendah untuk masing-masing lokasi penelitian. Semua lokasi di dalam kawasan taman nasional maupun diluar taman diperlukan pemantauan dengan porsi yang sama dan dilakukan secara berkala.Coral Reef Waters of Komodo National Park are fishing grounds and marine tourism destinations. The last condition of coral cover percentages of the regions have sustained below of 50%, however, their future potential impacts on fishes have not been studied and these will be needed in other to manage the regions. The study aimed to update reef fishes data in terms of some features of a community reef fish structure including composition, distribution, density, and biomass. A study was carried out in June, 2019 by using an underwater census visual at a permanent transect belt in the respective study sites. A total of 128 target fish species were recorded belonging to 21 families and 30 indicator fish species of Cahetodontidae were succesfully identified. The density mean of target and indicator fishes are 182 ± 67 individual/350m2 and 35 ± 15 individual/350m2, respectively. Most of fish sizes ranged from 15 cm to 30 cm. The biomass mean of target fishes are 1,174 ± 617 kg/hectare. Only for 13 species of target fishes that have high distribution in overall the study sites and 2 species of indicator fishes, as well. Composition present of target reef fishes in the distribution area given were in levels of 3% very high, 7% high, 18% fair, 21% low,and 51% veri low. Meanwhile, those for indicator fishes were in levels of 7% very high and high, 23% fair, 40% low, and 23% veri low. There was mayor significant diversity of reef fishes for overall study sites, however those was minor for respective study sites.The whole locations weather in-side or out-side of Komodo National Park need the equal portion for priodical monitoring.
Ikan Selangat merupakan salah satu jenis ikan bernilai ekonomis dan menjadi kuliner utama dalam festival tahunan budaya dari masyarakat pesisir di wilayah Kecamatan Tukak Sadai, Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Penelitian mengenai identifikasi karakter morfologi dan molekuler Ikan Selangat di Pulau Bangka dilakukan untuk mengkaji spesies Ikan Selangat yang ditangkap di perairan Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode random sampling di lokasi pendaratan potensial di sekitar Perairan Kabupaten Bangka Selatan pada bulan Juli 2018-Maret 2019. Sampel Ikan Selangat diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler menggunakan gen mitokondria Cytochrome C Oxydase Subunit I (COI). Hasil pengukuran morfometrik Ikan Selangat yang tertangkap di Perairan Kabupaten Bangka Selatan memiliki kisaran panjang total antara 13.0 -15.4 cm dan panjang standar antara 10,5 -11,8 cm, sedangkan hasil perhitungan karakter meristik sirip punggung (dorsal) memiliki jumlah jari-jari keras sebanyak 7 -8 dan jari-jari lemah 8 -9. Identifikasi molekuler gen COI spesies Ikan Selangat adalah Anodontostoma chacunda. Informasi ini dapat digunakan sebagai basis data potensi sumberdaya ikan di Pulau Bangka..
Penaeidae is a family of shrimp that has a high economic value, leading to intensive exploitation in many areas. This research was conducted to ascertain the composition, distribution, and fisheries biology of Penaeid shrimps in the strong wavy water of southern Java Island, Indonesia. The research locations were the water of Eastern, Central, and Western Java. Shrimp samples were obtained using various ways. The carapace length (CL) of the shrimps were measured using plastic callipers and recorded to the nearest 1 mm. The results showed that eight species of shrimps were caught in the water of southern Java, with Penaeus merguiensis, P. semisulcatus, and P. monodon being the most common. The species P. merguiensis was found in each sampling location, while P. latisulcatus and Metapenaeus palmensis were only present at Drini Beach (Central Java). The results also showed that P. japonicus and M. lysianassa were only found at Ranca Buaya Beach (West Java). The species P. merguiensis and P. monodon were the two most commercially important species. The distributions of the shrimps were related to the water physical characteristics associated with the shrimp habitat namely SST, bathymetry, and tides. Fishery biology analysis found that the length at first impregnation of P. merguiensis at Damas and Sidem Water (East Java) was 25.9 cm CL. Furthermore, the LBSPR analyses revealed that the spawning capacity of P. merguiensis and M. ensis in the same waters were still very high under the current level of exploitation. Therefore, the magnitude of fishing has not endangered the sustainability of the two shrimps.
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